# Essentials

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Essential skills to use MATLAB effectively.

Learning a new skill, especially a computer program in this case, can be overwhelming. However, if we build on what we already know, the process can be handled rather effectively. In the preceding chapter we learned about MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) and how to get help. Knowing the GUI, we will use basic math skills in MATLAB to solve linear equations and find roots of polynomials in this chapter.

## Mathematical operators

The evaluation of expressions is accomplished with arithmetic operators as we use them in scientific calculators. Note the addtional operators shown in the table below:

Operator Name Description
- Minus Subtraction
* Asterisk Multiplication
/ Forward Slash Division
\ Back Slash Left Matrix Division
^ Caret Power
.* Dot Asterisk Array multiplication (element-wise)
./ Dot Slash Right array divide (element-wise)
.\ Dot Back Slash Left array divide (element-wise)
.^ Dot Caret Array power (element-wise)
The backslash operator is used to solve linear systems of equations, see [link] .
Matrix is a rectangular array of numbers and formed by rows and columns. For example $A=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2 & 3 & 4\\ 5 & 6 & 7 & 8\\ 9 & 10 & 11 & 12\\ 13 & 14 & 15 & 16\\ \end{pmatrix}$ . In this example A consists of 4 rows and 4 columns and therefore is a 4x4 matrix. (see Wikipedia ).
Row vector is a special matrix that contains only one row. In other words, a row vector is a 1xn matrix where n is the number of elements in the row vector. $B=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5\\ \end{pmatrix}$
Column vector is also a special matrix. As the term implies, it contains only one column. A column vector is an nx1 matrix where n is the number of elements in the column vector. $C=\begin{pmatrix}1\\ 2\\ 3\\ 4\\ 5\\ \end{pmatrix}$
Array operations refer to element-wise calculations on the arrays, for example if x is an a by b matrix and y is a c by d matrix then x.*y can be performed only if a=c and b=d. Consider the following example, x consists of 2 rows and 3 columns and therefore it is a 2x3 matrix. Likewise, y has 2 rows and 3 columns and an array operation is possible. $x=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ \end{pmatrix}$ and $y=\begin{pmatrix}10 & 20 & 30\\ 40 & 50 & 60\\ \end{pmatrix}$ then $\mathrm{x.*y}=\begin{pmatrix}10 & 40 & 90\\ 160 & 250 & 360\\ \end{pmatrix}$

The following figure illustrates a typical calculation in the Command Window.

## Operator precedence

MATLAB allows us to build mathematical expressions with any combination of arithmetic operators. The order of operations are set by precedence levels in which MATLAB evaluates an expression from left to right. The precedence rules for MATLAB operators are shown in the list below from the highest precedence level to the lowest.

1. Parentheses ()
2. Power (^)
3. Multiplication (*), right division (/), left division (\)

## Mathematical functions

MATLAB has all of the usual mathematical functions found on a scientific calculator including square root, logarithm, and sine.

Typing pi returns the number 3.1416. To find the sine of pi, type in sin(pi) and press enter.
The arguments in trigonometric functions are in radians. Multiply degrees by pi/180 to get radians. For example, to calculate sin(90), type in sin(90*pi/180) .
In MATLAB log returns the natural logarithm of the value. To find the ln of 10, type in log(10) and press enter, (ans = 2.3026).

Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
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Loga
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