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Heraldry
A knight’s coat of arms is his personal symbol. It proves he was a man of importance. The coat of arms was also used on the battlefield. A knight wore a distinctive coat over his armour because in battle he needed to be recognised easily. This was called a coat of arms. These personal symbols were very elaborate and were displayed on the knight’s horse, his banner, and most important, on his shield.
The Shield
This was the main feature of an achievement of arms for a knight. The shield was usually of one colour and a pattern or device was placed on it. These devices were simple geometric shapes or lines dividing the shield into areas of contrasting colour.
The Helmet
There was a special crest on the helmet top. A wreath was wound round the bottom of the crest and also the mantle, which hung from the helmet to protect the knight from the hot sun. It also had a scroll with a motto.
The Colours
Five colours are used in heraldry – red, blue, black, green and purple. Gold and silver are also used, but these are regarded as metals and not as colours. Animal furs are also used as background; the most common being ermine (white and black stoat fur) and vair (grey and white squirrel fur).
Rules regarding coats of arms.
Heralds are people who make sure these rules are carried out. No son is allowed to have the same coat as his father. A small change must be made to the coat. Each son is given a special mark in order of birth. After a man’s death, his coat of arms passes to his eldest son. After a marriage, the wife’s coat of arms is placed beside her husband’s on the shield. The children may divide the shield into quarters. If several generations of children marry persons entitled to bear arms, the shield is quartered many times.
Answer the following questions in full sentences, unless otherwise stated.
| LO 3.4 |
Task
This is a shield designed by an 11-year old boy. From the shield you can see where he is placed in his family, what his hobbies and interests are, and even which soccer team he supports. Design your own personal shield. Include little emblems that tell more about you in each quarter.
Read the following extract and fill in the missing words:
The flag seen at the Olympic Games reflects the games’ aim of promoting
________________ between all nations of the __________________
The five linked____________ stand for the five ___________________
of the world and for the ideal of friendship. This symbol has been associated
with the______________ since the first modern ____________________
were held in 1906 and was first used on a flag, fourteen ______________
later, in 1920 at the Antwerp Games. The rings are blue, yellow, black, green
and red. Every national _____________ in the world has at least
one of these colours. The following words are displayed at the opening
ceremony: “This most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to _________
but to _________________ part.
Give feedback to another person in your class with regard to your answers. Edit your answers if your choice of words is not totally correct.
Divide into groups of four. Your group is going to form a club of your own choice (e.g. environmental, sport, drama, recreational). Design your own flag and make up a motto that reflects the nature of your club.
Present your flag to the class and explain your design if necessary.
| LO 2.2 |
| Learning Outcomes(LOs) |
| LO 2 |
| SPEAKING The learner will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in spoken language in a wide range of situations. |
| Assessment Standards(ASs) |
| We know this when the learner: |
| 2.2 interacts in additional language. |
| LO 3 |
| READING AND VIEWING The learner will be able to read and view for information and enjoyment, and respond critically to the aesthetic, cultural and emotional value in texts. |
| We know this when the learner: |
| 3.4 reads for information: |
| 3.6 uses reading strategies: |
| 3.6.1 matches different ways of reading to different texts (e.g. reads instructions slowly and carefully); |
| 3.6.2 uses strategies to work out the meanings of words (e.g. reads the surrounding words, asks someone to translate it); |
| 3.7 reads for pleasure. |
Educators are informed that not every answer to each task is provided; this memo serves only to provide clarity where there could be confusion.
1. Cloze procedure
The following are only suggestions and not the only answers.
Competition / sportsmanship; world; rings / circles; continents; Olympics; games; hundred; flag; win; take
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