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Summary

  • There are 3 types of skeletons:
  1. Hydrostatic skeleton
  2. Endoskeleton
  3. Exoskeleton
  • When animals moved from water to land, there was a need for the development of strong limbs and a skeleton to provide support to the bodies, which beforewater had provided
  • Humans have an endoskeleton consisting of:
  1. Axial skeleton (cranium, facial bones, foramen magnum, palate and jaws, vertebral column, rib cage and breastbone(sternum)
  2. Appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle with arms and pelvic girdle with legs)
  • Functions of the human skeleton are:
  1. Movement
  2. Protection
  3. Support
  4. Storage of minerals
  5. Hearing
  • There tissues associated with the human skeleton are bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
  • Joints
  • A joint is formed when two or more bones come into contact
  • There are three types of joints
  1. Immovable joints
  2. Partly movable joints
  3. Synovial joints (Hinge joints, ball and socket joints, pivot joints, gliding joints)
  • Human locomotion requires the use and coordination of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and antagonistic muscles
  • Muscles

- There are three types:

1) Smooth/involuntary

2) Skeletal/voluntary

3) Cardiac muscle

  • Myofibrils are responsible for muscle contraction
  • There are many diseases that affect the skeleton, such as rickets, osteoporosis and arthritis

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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula: life sciences grade 10. OpenStax CNX. Apr 11, 2012 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11410/1.3
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