Explains how digital systems such as the computer represent numbers. Covers the basics of boolean algebra and binary math.
Computer architecture
To understand digital signal processing systems, we must
understand a little about how computers compute. The moderndefinition of a
computer is an electronic
device that performs calculations on data, presenting theresults to humans or other computers in a variety of
(hopefully useful) ways.
Organization of a simple computer
Generic computer hardware organization.
The generic computer contains
input devices (keyboard, mouse, A/D (analog-to-digital) converter,
etc.), a
computational unit , and output
devices (monitors, printers, D/A converters). Thecomputational unit is the computer's heart, and usually
consists of a
central processing unit (CPU), a
memory , and an input/output
(I/O) interface. What I/O devices might be present on a givencomputer vary greatly.
A simple computer operates fundamentally in
discrete time. Computers are
clocked devices, in which
computational steps occur periodically according to ticksof a clock. This description belies clock speed: When you
say "I have a 1 GHz computer," you mean that your computertakes 1 nanosecond to perform each step. That is
incredibly fast! A "step" does not, unfortunately,necessarily mean a computation like an addition; computers
break such computations down into several stages, whichmeans that the clock speed need not express the
computational speed. Computational speed is expressed inunits of millions of instructions/second (Mips). Your 1
GHz computer (clock speed) may have a computational speedof 200 Mips.
Computers perform integer (discrete-valued)
computations. Computer calculations can be
numeric (obeying the laws of arithmetic), logical (obeyingthe laws of an algebra), or symbolic (obeying any law you
like).
An example of a symbolic
computation is sorting a list of names. Each computer instruction that performs an elementary
numeric calculation --- an addition, a multiplication, or adivision --- does so only for integers. The sum or product
of two integers is also an integer, but the quotient oftwo integers is likely to not be an integer. How does a
computer deal with numbers that have digits to the rightof the decimal point? This problem is addressed by using
the so-called
floating-point representation of real numbers. At its heart, however,
this representation relies on integer-valued computations.
Representing numbers
Focusing on numbers, all numbers can represented by the
positional notation system .
Alternative number representation systems
exist. For example, we could use stick figure counting orRoman numerals. These were useful in ancient times, but very
limiting when it comes to arithmetic calculations: ever triedto divide two Roman numerals? The
-ary positional
representation system uses the position of digits ranging from0 to
-1 to denote a number.
The quantity
is known as the
base of the number system.
Mathematically, positional systems represent the positiveinteger
as
and we succinctly express
in
base-
as
.
The number 25 in base 10 equals
,
so that the
digits representing this number are
,
, and all other
equal zero. This same number in
binary (base 2) equals 11001(
)and 19 in hexadecimal (base 16). Fractions between zero and
one are represented the same way.
All numbers can be represented by their
sign, integer and fractional parts.
Complex numbers can be thought of as two
real numbers that obey special rules to manipulate them.
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities.
before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue..
sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed.
treatment for autism.
well it depends on the severity.
since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision.
play therapy.
speech therapy.
Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game.
string and beads game.
the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get..
please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child.
and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid.
but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
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