4.7 Poisson

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This module describes the characteristics of a Poisson experiment and the Poisson probability distribution. This module is included in the Elementary Statistics textbook/collection as an optional lesson.

Characteristics of a Poisson experiment:

1. The Poisson gives the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events happen with a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event. Forexample, a book editor might be interested in the number of words spelled incorrectly in a particular book. It might be that, on the average, there are 5 words spelled incorrectly in100 pages. The interval is the 100 pages.
2. The Poisson may be used to approximate the binomial if the probability of success is "small" (such as 0.01) and the number of trials is "large" (such as 1000). You will verify therelationship in the homework exercises. $n$ is the number of trials and $p$ is the probability of a "success."
Poisson probability distribution . The random variable $X=$ the number of occurrences in the interval of interest. The mean and variance are given in the summary.

The average number of loaves of bread put on a shelf in a bakery in a half-hour period is 12. Of interest is the number of loaves of bread put on the shelf in 5 minutes. Thetime interval of interest is 5 minutes. What is the probability that the number of loaves, selected randomly, put on the shelf in 5 minutes is 3?

Let $X$ = the number of loaves of bread put on the shelf in 5 minutes. If the average number of loaves put on the shelf in 30 minutes (half-hour) is 12, then the average number of loaves put on the shelf in 5 minutes is

$(\left(\frac{5}{30}\right)\cdot 12, 2)$ loaves of bread

The probability question asks you to find $\mathrm{P\left(x = 3\right)}$ .

A certain bank expects to receive 6 bad checks per day, on average. What is the probability of the bank getting fewer than 5 bad checks on any given day? Of interestis the number of checks the bank receives in 1 day, so the time interval of interest is 1 day. Let $X$ = the number of bad checks the bank receives in one day. If the bank expects to receive 6 bad checks per day then the average is 6 checks per day.The probability question asks for $(P\left(x, 5\right))$ .

You notice that a news reporter says "uh", on average, 2 times per broadcast. What is the probability that the news reporter says "uh" more than 2 times per broadcast.

This is a Poisson problem because you are interested in knowing the number of times the news reporter says "uh" during a broadcast.

What is the interval of interest?

What is the average number of times the news reporter says "uh" during one broadcast?

2

Let $X$ = ____________. What values does $X$ take on?

Let $X$ = the number of times the news reporter says "uh" during one broadcast .
$x$ = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

The probability question is $\text{P(______)}$ .

$\text{P(x>2)}$

Notation for the poisson: p = poisson probability distribution function

$X$ ~ $\text{P(μ)}$

Read this as " $X$ is a random variable with a Poisson distribution." The parameter is $\mu$ (or $\lambda$ ). $\mu$ (or $\lambda$ ) = the mean for the interval of interest.

Leah's answering machine receives about 6 telephone calls between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. What is the probability that Leah receives more than 1 call in the next 15 minutes?

Let $X$ = the number of calls Leah receives in 15 minutes. (The interval of interest is 15 minutes or $\frac{1}{4}$ hour.)

$x$ = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

If Leah receives, on the average, 6 telephone calls in 2 hours, and there are eight 15 minutes intervals in 2 hours, then Leah receives

$(\frac{1}{8}\cdot 6, 0.75)$

calls in 15 minutes, on the average. So, $\mu$ = 0.75 for this problem.

$X$ ~ $\text{P(0.75)}$

Find $(P\left(x, 1\right))$ . $((P\left(x, 1\right)), 0.1734)$ (calculator or computer)

TI-83+ and TI-84: For a general discussion, see this example (Binomial) . The syntax is similar. The Poisson parameter list is ( $\mu$ for the interval of interest, number). For this problem:

Press 1- and then press 2nd DISTR. Arrow down to C:poissoncdf. Press ENTER. Enter .75,1). The result is $((P\left(x, 1\right)), 0.1734)$ . NOTE: The TI calculators use $\lambda$ (lambda) for the mean.

The probability that Leah receives more than 1 telephone call in the next fifteen minutes is about 0.1734.

The graph of $X$ ~ $\text{P(0.75)}$ is:

The y-axis contains the probability of $x$ where $X$ = the number of calls in 15 minutes.

Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
Anassong
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
there is no specific books for beginners but there is book called principle of nanotechnology
NANO
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
carbon nanotubes has various application in fuel cells membrane, current research on cancer drug,and in electronics MEMS and NEMS etc
NANO
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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1 It is estimated that 30% of all drivers have some kind of medical aid in South Africa. What is the probability that in a sample of 10 drivers: 3.1.1 Exactly 4 will have a medical aid. (8) 3.1.2 At least 2 will have a medical aid. (8) 3.1.3 More than 9 will have a medical aid.