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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 6

Handel en ontwikkeling

Module 12

Eienskappe van ontwikkelende lande

A. Eienskappe van ontwikkelende lande

1. L ae lewensverwagting – word gemeet aan die gemiddelde ouderdom wat die mens na verwagting sal bereik.

Voltooi en bestudeer die meegaande tabel:

N/S Land Lewensverwagting in jare
.....N...... Kanada 78,8
.......... Brittanje 77,8
.......... VSA 77
......... Brasilië 67,7
....S..... Suid-Afrika 52,1
......... Angola 45,2
......... Zimbabwe 42,9
......... Mosambiek 39

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om afleidings uit statistiek te maak

[lu 1.2, 1.5, 2.2]

Bespreek jou bevindings in groepverband en skryf ‘n kort paragraaf daaroor met spesifieke verwysing na die moontlike redes vir die patroon soos aangedui .

As gevolg van die groot besteding aan gesondheidsdienste in ontwikkelde lande is daar minder babas wat by geboorte sterf en minder kinders wat vroeg sterf. Mense word ook baie ouer as gevolg van goeie en voorkomende mediese sorg.

2. Lae standaard van onderwys

Onderwys en opleiding bepaal die vlak waarop die bevolking van ‘n land funksioneer en produseer. As ons in gedagte hou dat daar ongeveer 80 miljoen kinders in die arm Suide is wat geen skool bywoon nie, kan ons verstaan waarom arm lande ‘n toekoms van werkloosheid in die gesig staar. Sonder die nodige opleiding kan hulle nie gereed gemaak word vir die wêreld van werk om sodoende hul eie leefwêreld te probeer verbeter nie.

Hoe dink jy beïnvloed ‘n lae geletterdheidspersentasie die ekonomie van ‘n land?

3. Swak gesondheidsorg

Die persentasie van ‘n land se begroting wat aan sy gesondheidsdienste bestee word, bepaal hoofsaaklik die standaard van gesondheidsorg in die land. Kyk ons na die gemiddelde persentasie van 4% by ontwikkelende lande teen die 96% by ontwikkelde lande in die grafiek op bl. 12 kan ons verstaan waarom die hospitale in so baie arm lande in so ‘n swak toestand is. Die hoeveelheid dokter en fasiliteite is heeltemal ontoereikend vir die getal inwoners van die land.

Interessante statistiek

Kwota pasiënte per mediese dokter
Ontwikkelde Europese land (N) 1:250
Ontwikkelende Afrika land (S) 1:20 000

4. Werkloosheid

Oorbevolking en lae geletterheid is van die hoofoorsake van werkloosheid. Almal wil werk om geld te verdien om ‘n bestaan te kan maak. As iemand werkloos is, kan hy/sy nie selfonderhoudend wees nie en geen bydrae lewer tot die ekonomie van die land nie.

5. Swak voeding en toegang tot veilige water

Die grafiek op bl. 12 dui aan dat slegs 43% van die wêreld se voedselproduksie in lande gevind word wat 80% van die wêreld se bevolking huisves. Dit, saam met die lae lewensverwagting en gebrekkige opvoeding en opleiding, sowel as ontoereikende industrieë gee vir ons ‘n resep vir wanvoeding (wanneer iemand nie genoeg gesonde kos inneem nie). Ongeveer 30% van die arm Suide se kinders het nie genoeg voedsel om daagliks te eet nie.

In ontwikkelende lande is baie mense afhanklik van ‘n spruit of rivier vir hul daaglikse vars water. Hierdie bronne is nie altyd veilig en skoon nie en dit lei tot die uitbreek van siektes soos cholera waaraan baie mense jaarliks sterf.

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 07, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10999/1.1
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