# 3.4 Basic complex and matrix operations

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This module covers basic complex and matrix operations in an m-file environment.

## Complex numbers

m-file environments have excellent support for complex numbers. The imaginaryunit is denoted by i or (as preferred in Electrical Engineering) j . To create complex variables ${z}_{1}=7+i$ and ${z}_{2}=2e^{(i\pi )}$ simply enter z1 = 7 + j and z2 = 2*exp(j*pi)

The table gives an overview of the basic functions for manipulating complex numbers, where $z$ is a complex number.

Manipulating complex numbers
m-file
Re( $z$ ) real(z)
Im( $z$ ) imag(z)
$\left|z\right|$ abs(z)
Angle( $z$ ) angle(z)
$z^{*}$ conj(z)

## Operations on matrices

In addition to scalars, m-file environments can operate on matrices. Some common matrix operations are shown in the Table below; in this table, M and N are matrices.

Common matrix operations
Operation m-file
$MN$ M*N
$M^{-1}$ inv(M)
$M^{T}$ M'
det( $M$ ) det(M)

Some useful facts:

• The functions length and size are used to find the dimensions of vectors and matrices, respectively.
• Operations can also be performed on each element of a vector or matrix by proceeding the operator by ".", e.g .* , .^ and ./ .

Let $A=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 1\\ 1 & 1\\ \end{pmatrix}$ . Then A^2 will return $\mathrm{AA}=\begin{pmatrix}2 & 2\\ 2 & 2\\ \end{pmatrix}$ , while A.^2 will return $\begin{pmatrix}1^{2} & 1^{2}\\ 1^{2} & 1^{2}\\ \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 1\\ 1 & 1\\ \end{pmatrix}$ .

Given a vector x, compute a vector y having elements $y(n)=\frac{1}{\sin x(n)}$ . This can be easily be done the command y=1./sin(x) Note that using / in place of ./ would result in the (common) error " Matrix dimensions must agree ".

what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
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why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
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research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
Anassong
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
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NANO
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
carbon nanotubes has various application in fuel cells membrane, current research on cancer drug,and in electronics MEMS and NEMS etc
NANO
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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