<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Geskiedenis

Graad 4

Hoe vervoer die mensdom gedien het

Module 11

Die ontwikkeling van padvervoer tot vandag

Mettertyd het dit nodig geword om in en om Mooimeisiesfontein goeie paaie vir die baie karre en waens te bou.

Aktiwiteit 1

Om bronne te gebruik [lu 1.2]

Dis hoe Mooimeisiesfontein se hoofstraat in 1930 gelyk het . . .

A)ondersoek meegaande skets en beantwoord die volgende vrae oor die prente hierbo:

  1. Hoeveel verskillende voertuie sien jy?

.......................................................................................................................

  1. Watter voertuie word nog in jou omgewing gebruik?.......................................

.......................................................................................................................

  1. Hoekom was dit makliker vir perde om ‘n trein op ‘n spoor as in die pad te trek?

.......................................................................................................................

  1. Wat het die verskillende voertuie laat beweeg?

.......................................................................................................................

  1. Hoe is paaie destyds gebou?

.....................................................................................................................

  1. Watter maniere is gebruik om berge en riviere oor te steek?

.....................................................................................................................

  1. Watter toerusting word vandag gebruik om paaie in jou omgewing te bou?

......................................................................................................................

Interessante feite!

In 1885 het die Duitser, Carl Benz, ‘n motor met ‘n petrol-enjin gebou. Dit kon ‘n topspoed van omtrent 18 km per uur behaal! Oupa sê die eerste motor het eers in 1897 in ons land aangekom. Toe is motors nie op groot skaal in fabrieke gebou nie. Elkeen is spesiaal vir ‘n ryk persoon gebou. Mettertyd is goedkoper motors, soos oupa se Model T-Ford, egter in fabrieke gebou.

Aktiwiteit 2

Om tussen verskillende tydperke [lu 2.3]

A)bestudeer meegaande skets. gesels nou met mekaar hoe vervoer daagliks ontwikkel.

Hoekom is die motor so ‘n gerieflike vervoermiddel?

Hoekom sal dit beter wees as meer mense met busse werk toe gaan?

Paaie word deesdae al hoe meer van t . . . .. r of b . . . . .n gebou.

Wat noem ons goeie paaie wat tussen groot stede gebou word (n . . . . . . e paaie)?

Mooimeisiesfontein vandag

B)klasuitstappie vir julle!

  • Vra jou onderwyser om julle na ‘n besige pad of straat te vat sodat julle ‘n verkeerstelling kan doen. Soos jy reeds weet, verskil vervoer tydens verskillende tydperke. Stel nou vas of dit op verskillende tye van die dag ook verskil.
  • Trek ‘n tabel in jou skryfboek en vul dan die nodige inligting in.
  • Werk ‘n uur lank in pare. Tel die voertuie wat in al twee rigtings verby ‘n sekere punt beweeg.

Rapporteer in die klas oor die volgende:

- Gedurende watter tyd ry die meeste mense werk toe en terug?

- Ons noem sulke verkeer s . . . . . sverkeer.

- Watter soort voertuie word die meeste gebruik op die verskillende tye. Waarom?

C)debat!

  • Watter een, motorfietse of minibusse, word meer in spitstyd gebruik?

Assessering

Leeruitkoms 1: geskiedkundige ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om ondersoekvaardighede te gebruik om die verlede en die hede te ondersoek.

Assesseringstandaard

Dis duidelik wanneer die leerder

1.2 vrae beantwoord: inligting uit bronne gebruik om vrae te beantwoord.

Leeruitkoms 2: geskiedkundige kennis en begrip

Die leerder is in staat om geskiedkundige kennis en begrip te toon.

Assesseringstandaard

Dis duidelik wanneer die leerder

  • ooreenkomste en verskille: ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die verlede en hede identifiseer oor hoe dinge gedoen is binne ‘n bepaalde konteks.

Memorandum

a). (1) 5

  1. Eie antwoorde
  2. Spoorlyn was veel meer glad en gelyk as destydse paaie.
  1. Laat leerders eie antwoorde gee. Die trem loop op ysterspore – getrek deur perde. (SA se eerste trem is in 1863 in gebruik geneem tussen Kaapstad en Groenpunt. Vrouens het binne-in gesit en mans bo-op.)

Fietse het in die laat 1800’s in SA gewild geraak – sonder vere, buitebande, ratte.

  1. In die 1600’s en 1700’s was paaie in SA net wielspore – en ook geen brûe nie. Mense het gestap, op perde gery of ossewaens gebruik. Teen 1820 was die hoofroete in SA tussen Kaapstad en Grahamstad ná die koms van die Setlaars. Gevangenes is dikwels gebruik om paaie te bou. Lees die verhaal van Andrew Bain, SA se mees bekende vroeëre padbouer.
  2. Laat leerders self antwoorde uitdink.
  1. Sedert 1935 kry baie gruispaaie ‘n oppervlak van teer of sement. Dit is veronderstel om ongeveer 20 jaar te hou.
  2. Teer of baksteen, nasionale paaie

b) Spitsverkeer

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 17, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11090/1.1
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Geskiedenis graad 4' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask