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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 7

Bevolkingsgroei en verandering

Module 9

Bevolkingsgroei en verandering: die impak van miv/vigs

Van die belangrikste invloede op bevolkingsverandering vandag is VIGS. Nog nooit in die geskiedenis was daar ‘n menslike ramp met dieselfde afmetings nie! Die lewensverwagting van hele bevolkings daal, kinders word in hul duisendtalle wees gelaat, armoede neem toe, produksie in bykans alle sektore van die ekonomie neem af, en dies meer.

Afrika is die vasteland wat die ergste getref is, en Suid-Afrika is die ramp ook nie gespaar nie! In die geheel gesien, nader ons ‘n tyd waar bevolkings krimp, eerder as wat daar groei is!

1. Bevolking

Om vas te stel watter invloed MIV/VIGS op die bevolking het, moet ons eers na die beskrywing van ‘n bevolking kyk.

‘n Jong bevolking

Vanweë die geboortesyfer wat baie hoër is as die sterftesyfer, is daar ‘n vinnige groei in die bevolking.

‘n Volwasse bevolking

Hier oortref die geboortesyfer beswaarlik die sterftesyfer en daarom is daar ‘n baie stadige groei in die bevolking.

‘n Ou bevolking

Omdat die geboorte- en sterftesyfer naasteby ooreenkom, is by hierdie soort bevolkingsamestelling geen groei nie.

n Krimpende bevolking

Wanneer die bevolkingsamestelling so lyk, oortref die sterftesyfer die geboortesyfer en sal hierdie bevolking uitsterf.

ouer mense: 60+ volwassenes: 30 - 59 jeug: tot 29

.2. Die ideale toestand wat Suid-Afrika nastreef

’n Baie groot deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking is arm en nie behoorlik geletterd nie. ‘n Daadwerklike poging moet dus in Suid-Afrika aangewend word om armoede te verlig en geletterdheid op ‘n aanvaarbare vlak te kry. Nog ‘n ideaal is dat gesondheidsdienste verbeter en die bevolkingstoename onder beheer gebring moet word, want ons land het beperkte hulpbronne, soos byvoorbeeld ‘n tekort aan water.

Soos julle uit die grafieke hieronder kan aflei, het die lewensverwagting weens verbeterde sanitasie en mediese sorg gestyg en het die bevolkingstoename aansienlik gedaal in die 20 jaar tussen 1980 en 2000. Die dalende geboortesyfer kan gedeeltelik aan verstedeliking toegeskryf word. In Suid-Afrika het die bevolking dus van ‘n jong bevolking (met ‘n te groot toename) begin verander en is dit op die pad na ‘n meer aanvaarbare volwasse bevolking waar die toename binne perke is.

Suid-Afrika: Groei tussen 1980 en 2000

Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG): Lewensverwagting in jare

  • Verbeterde mediese sorg, higiëne en algemeen verbeterde lewensgehalte in die SAOG-lande het verseker dat die lewensverwagting van mense gestyg het.
  • As julle na die grafiek kyk, sal julle sien dat die baba wat in die laat vyftigerjare van die vorige eeu in Namibië gebore is, ‘n lewensverwagting van iets oor die 40 jaar gehad het, terwyl een wat 40 jaar later gebore is, na verwagting 20 jaar langer sou leef.

. . . . . . . . . en toe breek die MIV/VIGS-epidemie uit. Mense wat van ‘n pandemie praat, is eintlik korrek, want die siekte kom oor die hele land en vasteland, en die res van die wêreld voor!

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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