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In his book, The Scientific Edge , the noted physicist Jayant Narlikar observed:

S. N. Bose’s work on particle statistics (c. 1922), which clarified the behaviour of photons (the particles of light in an enclosure) and opened the door to new ideas on statistics of Microsystems that obey the rules of quantum theory, was one of the top ten achievements of 20th century Indian science and could be considered in the Nobel Prize class. [1]

Bose's ideas were afterwards well received in the world of physics, and he was granted leave from the University of Dhaka to travel to Europe in 1924. He spent a year in France and worked with Marie Curie , and met several other well-known scientists . He then spent another year abroad, working with Einstein in Berlin. Upon his return to Dhaka, he was made a professor in 1926. He did not have a doctorate , and so ordinarily he would not be qualified for the post, but Einstein recommended him. His work ranged from X-ray crystallography to unified field theories . He also published an equation of state for real gases with Megh Nad Saha .

Apart from physics he did some research in biochemistry and literature ( Bengali , English). He made deep studies in chemistry , geology , zoology , anthropology , engineering and other sciences . Being an Indian of Bengali descent, he devoted a lot of time to promoting Bengali as a teaching language, translating scientific papers into it, and promoting the development of the region.

In 1944 Bose was elected General President of the Indian Science Congress .

In 1958 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society .

Appendix IV.

C.V. Raman.

(7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognised for his work on the molecular scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect , which is named after him.

In 1948 Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behavior of crystals, approached in a new manner fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. He dealt with the structure and properties of diamond , the structure and optical behavior of numerous iridescent substances ( labradorite , pearly feldspar , agate , opal , and pearls ). Among his other interests were the optics of colloids , electrical and magnetic anisotropy , and the physiology of human vision.

Raman was honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924) and knighted in 1929. In 1930 he won the Nobel Prize in Physics . In 1954 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna . He was also awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

India celebrates National Science Day on 28 February of every year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman effect in 1928.

Appendix V.

Ronald Ross

(13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932) was a Scottish physician .

Ross commenced his study of medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London on October 29, 1875. He passed his final examination in 1880 and qualified as MRCS and LSA . He joined the Indian Medical Service in 1881. His first posting was in Madras .

Ross received many honours in addition to the Nobel Prize, and was given Honorary Membership of learned societies of most countries of Europe, and of many other continents. He got an honorary M.D. degree in Stockholm in 1910 at the centenary celebration of the Caroline Institute and his 1923 autobiography Memoirs, Etc. was awarded that year's James Tait Black Memorial Prize . Whilst his vivacity and single-minded search for truth caused friction with some people, he enjoyed a vast circle of friends in Europe , Asia and the United States who respected him for his personality as well as for his genius.

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Source:  OpenStax, Solid state physics and devices-the harbinger of third wave of civilization. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2014 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11170/1.89
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