20.4 Relativistic addition of velocities  (Page 4/7)

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Conceptual questions

Explain the meaning of the terms “red shift” and “blue shift” as they relate to the relativistic Doppler effect.

What happens to the relativistic Doppler effect when relative velocity is zero? Is this the expected result?

Is the relativistic Doppler effect consistent with the classical Doppler effect in the respect that ${\lambda }_{\text{obs}}$ is larger for motion away?

All galaxies farther away than about $\text{50}×{\text{10}}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{ly}$ exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is proportional to distance, with those farther and farther away having progressively greater red shifts. What does this imply, assuming that the only source of red shift is relative motion? (Hint: At these large distances, it is space itself that is expanding, but the effect on light is the same.)

Problems&Exercises

Suppose a spaceship heading straight towards the Earth at $0\text{.}\text{750}c$ can shoot a canister at $0\text{.}\text{500}c$ relative to the ship. (a) What is the velocity of the canister relative to the Earth, if it is shot directly at the Earth? (b) If it is shot directly away from the Earth?

(a) $0\text{.}\text{909}c$

(b) $0\text{.}\text{400}c$

Repeat the previous problem with the ship heading directly away from the Earth.

If a spaceship is approaching the Earth at $0.100c$ and a message capsule is sent toward it at $0.100c$ relative to the Earth, what is the speed of the capsule relative to the ship?

$0\text{.}\text{198}c$

(a) Suppose the speed of light were only $\text{3000 m/s}$ . A jet fighter moving toward a target on the ground at $\text{800 m/s}$ shoots bullets, each having a muzzle velocity of $\text{1000 m/s}$ . What are the bullets’ velocity relative to the target? (b) If the speed of light was this small, would you observe relativistic effects in everyday life? Discuss.

If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of $1000 km/s$ and emits $\text{656 nm}$ light characteristic of hydrogen (the most common element in the universe). (a) What wavelength would we observe on the Earth? (b) What type of electromagnetic radiation is this? (c) Why is the speed of the Earth in its orbit negligible here?

a) $\text{658 nm}$

b) red

c) $v/\text{c}=9\text{.}\text{92}×{\text{10}}^{-5}$ (negligible)

A space probe speeding towards the nearest star moves at $0\text{.}\text{250}c$ and sends radio information at a broadcast frequency of 1.00 GHz. What frequency is received on the Earth?

If two spaceships are heading directly towards each other at $0\text{.}\text{800}c$ , at what speed must a canister be shot from the first ship to approach the other at $0\text{.}\text{999}c$ as seen by the second ship?

$0\text{.}\text{991}c$

Two planets are on a collision course, heading directly towards each other at $0\text{.}\text{250}c$ . A spaceship sent from one planet approaches the second at $0\text{.}\text{750}c$ as seen by the second planet. What is the velocity of the ship relative to the first planet?

When a missile is shot from one spaceship towards another, it leaves the first at $0\text{.}\text{950}c$ and approaches the other at $0\text{.}\text{750}c$ . What is the relative velocity of the two ships?

$-0\text{.}\text{696}c$

What is the relative velocity of two spaceships if one fires a missile at the other at $0.750c$ and the other observes it to approach at $0.950c$ ?

Near the center of our galaxy, hydrogen gas is moving directly away from us in its orbit about a black hole. We receive 1900 nm electromagnetic radiation and know that it was 1875 nm when emitted by the hydrogen gas. What is the speed of the gas?

$0\text{.}\text{01324}c$

A highway patrol officer uses a device that measures the speed of vehicles by bouncing radar off them and measuring the Doppler shift. The outgoing radar has a frequency of 100 GHz and the returning echo has a frequency 15.0 kHz higher. What is the velocity of the vehicle? Note that there are two Doppler shifts in echoes. Be certain not to round off until the end of the problem, because the effect is small.

Prove that for any relative velocity $v$ between two observers, a beam of light sent from one to the other will approach at speed $c$ (provided that $v$ is less than $c$ , of course).

$u\prime \phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}=c$ , so

$\begin{array}{ll}u& =& \frac{\text{v+u}\prime }{1+\left(\text{vu}\prime /{c}^{2}\right)}=\frac{\text{v+c}}{1+\left(\text{vc}/{c}^{2}\right)}=\frac{\text{v+c}}{1+\left(v/c\right)}\\ & =& \frac{c\left(\text{v+c}\right)}{\text{c+v}}=c\end{array}$

Show that for any relative velocity $v$ between two observers, a beam of light projected by one directly away from the other will move away at the speed of light (provided that $v$ is less than $c$ , of course).

(a) All but the closest galaxies are receding from our own Milky Way Galaxy. If a galaxy $\text{12}\text{.}0×{\text{10}}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{ly}$ ly away is receding from us at 0. $0.900c$ , at what velocity relative to us must we send an exploratory probe to approach the other galaxy at $0.990c$ , as measured from that galaxy? (b) How long will it take the probe to reach the other galaxy as measured from the Earth? You may assume that the velocity of the other galaxy remains constant. (c) How long will it then take for a radio signal to be beamed back? (All of this is possible in principle, but not practical.)

a) $0\text{.}\text{99947}c$

b) $1\text{.}\text{2064}×{\text{10}}^{\text{11}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{y}$

c) $1\text{.}\text{2058}×{\text{10}}^{\text{11}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{y}$ (all to sufficient digits to show effects)

are nano particles real
yeah
Joseph
Hello, if I study Physics teacher in bachelor, can I study Nanotechnology in master?
no can't
Lohitha
where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
nanopartical of organic/inorganic / physical chemistry , pdf / thesis / review
Ali
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
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da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
hey
Giriraj
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
has a lot of application modern world
Kamaluddeen
yes
narayan
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
ya I also want to know the raman spectra
Bhagvanji
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
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Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
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Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
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write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
How we can toraidal magnetic field
How we can create polaidal magnetic field
4
Because I'm writing a report and I would like to be really precise for the references
where did you find the research and the first image (ECG and Blood pressure synchronized)? Thank you!!