# 2.4 Hypothesis testing of single mean and single proportion: examples  (Page 4/6)

 Page 4 / 6

Suppose a consumer group suspects that the proportion of households that have three cell phones is 30%. A cell phone company has reason to believe that the proportion is 30%. Before they start a big advertising campaign, they conduct a hypothesis test. Their marketing people survey 150 households with theresult that 43 of the households have three cell phones.

Set up the Hypothesis Test:

${H}_{o}$ : $p$ $=0.30\phantom{\rule{20pt}{0ex}}$ ${H}_{a}$ : $p$ $()$ $0.30$

Determine the distribution needed:

The random variable is $P\text{'}$ = proportion of households that have three cell phones.

The distribution for the hypothesis test is $P\text{'}$ ~ $N$ $\left(0.30,\sqrt{\frac{\left(0.30\right)\cdot \left(0.70\right)}{150}}\right)$

The value that helps determine the p-value is $p\text{'}$ . Calculate $p\text{'}$ .

$p\text{'}=\frac{x}{n}\phantom{\rule{20pt}{0ex}}$ where $x$ is the number of successes and $n$ is the total number in the sample.

$x=43$ , $n=150$

p' = $\frac{43}{150}$

What is a success for this problem?

A success is having three cell phones in a household.

What is the level of significance?

The level of significance is the preset $\alpha$ . Since $\alpha$ is not given, assume that $\alpha =0.05$ .

Draw the graph for this problem. Draw the horizontal axis. Label and shade appropriately.

Calculate the p-value.

p-value = 0.7216

Make a decision. _____________(Reject/Do not reject) ${H}_{0}$ because____________.

Assuming that $\alpha$ = 0.05, $\alpha <\text{p-value}$ . The Decision is do not reject ${H}_{0}$ because there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of households that have three cell phones is not 30%.

The next example is a poem written by a statistics student named Nicole Hart. The solution to the problem follows the poem. Notice that the hypothesis test is for a singlepopulation proportion. This means that the null and alternate hypotheses use theparameter $p$ . The distribution for the test is normal. The estimated proportion $p\text{'}$ is the proportion of fleas killed to the total fleas found on Fido. This is sample information.The problem gives a preconceived $\alpha =0.01$ , for comparison, and a 95% confidence interval computation. The poem is clever and humorous, so please enjoy it!

Hypothesis testing problems consist of multiple steps. To help you do the problems, solution sheets are provided for your use. Look in the Table of Contents Appendix for the topic "Solution Sheets." If you like, use copies of the appropriate solution sheet for homework problems.

My dog has so many fleas, They do not come off with ease.As for shampoo, I have tried many types Even one called Bubble Hype,Which only killed 25% of the fleas, Unfortunately I was not pleased.I've used all kinds of soap, Until I had give up hopeUntil one day I saw An ad that put me in awe.A shampoo used for dogs Called GOOD ENOUGH to Clean a HogGuaranteed to kill more fleas. I gave Fido a bathAnd after doing the math His number of fleasStarted dropping by 3's! Before his shampooI counted 42. At the end of his bath,I redid the math And the new shampoo had killed 17 fleas.So now I was pleased. Now it is time for you to have some funWith the level of significance being .01, You must help me figure outUse the new shampoo or go without?

Set up the Hypothesis Test:

${H}_{o}$ : $p=0.25\phantom{\rule{20pt}{0ex}}$ ${H}_{a}$ : $p>0.25$

Determine the distribution needed:

In words, CLEARLY state what your random variable $\overline{X}$ or $\mathrm{P\text{'}}$ represents.

$\mathrm{P\text{'}}$ = The proportion of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo

State the distribution to use for the test.

Normal: $N\left(0.25,\sqrt{\frac{\left(0.25\right)\left(1-0.25\right)}{42}}\right)$

Test Statistic: $z=2.3163$

Calculate the p-value using the normal distribution for proportions:

$\text{p-value}=$ $0.0103$

In 1 – 2 complete sentences, explain what the p-value means for this problem.

If the null hypothesis is true (the proportion is 0.25), then there is a 0.0103 probability that the sample (estimated) proportion is 0.4048 $\left(\frac{17}{42}\right)$ or more.

Use the previous information to sketch a picture of this situation. CLEARLY, label and scale the horizontal axis and shade the region(s) corresponding to the p-value.

Compare $\alpha$ and the p-value:

Indicate the correct decision (“reject” or “do not reject” the null hypothesis), the reason for it, and write an appropriate conclusion, using COMPLETE SENTENCES.

alpha decision reason for decision
0.01 Do not reject ${H}_{o}$ $\alpha$ $()$ $\text{p-value}$

Conclusion: At the 1% level of significance, the sample data do not show sufficient evidence that the percentage of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo is more than 25%.

Construct a 95% Confidence Interval for the true mean or proportion. Include a sketch of the graph of the situation. Label the point estimate and the lower and upper bounds of the Confidence Interval.

Confidence Interval: $\left(0.26,0.55\right)$ We are 95% confident that the true population proportion $p$ of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo is between 26% and 55%.

This test result is not very definitive since the p-value is very close to alpha. In reality, one would probably do more tests by giving the dog another bath after the fleas have had a chance to return.

Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
Anassong
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
there is no specific books for beginners but there is book called principle of nanotechnology
NANO
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
carbon nanotubes has various application in fuel cells membrane, current research on cancer drug,and in electronics MEMS and NEMS etc
NANO
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
Privacy Information Security Software Version 1.1a
Good
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!