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Digital I/O such as the LEDs and pushbuttons are configured by modifying a several registers pertaining to the port that they are attached to. Check the datasheet to find the respective port number of the peripheral you which to control. For more detailed information about Digital I/O on the MSP430 check Chapter 9: Digital I/O of the User’s Guide .
First, we must assign the direction of the corresponding I/O pins. This is done by setting the direction register, PxDIR , with the appropriate bit. By default, all I/O pins are assigned to be inputs.
On the MSP430F16x Lite Development Board the three LEDs are located on Ports 1 and 2. The port number will correspond the to x value in registers such as PxIN , PxOUT , or PxDIR . Therefore, if we wanted to define the direction of a pin on port 2 we would write to P2DIR .
How do we switch the three pins (P1.7, P2.2, and P2.3) corresponding to the LEDs to be outputs?
P1DIR |= 0x80;
P2DIR |= 0x0C; 0x0C in hex is equivalent to 0b00001100 in binary. Similarly, 0x80 = 0b10000000. You may refer to the module about
Binary and Hexadecimal Notation to learn how to do this conversion or you could use the Windows Calculator (
Start ->
Run... ->
Calc ) to do it much more quickly. We can now easily see that P1.7, P2.2, and P2.3 are set to 1 which makes them outputs.
|= instead of
= because it won’t overwrite bits that are not set to 1 in the mask.Output pins may be toggled using the PxOUT register. LEDs are turned on by setting their corresponding register bits low.
How would be turn on the three LEDs without modifying any other bits in the register?
P1DIR &= ~0x80;
P2DIR &= ~0x0C; This will turn on all three LEDs assuming they had already been set to be outputs.
Since all I/O registers are set as inputs by default we do not have to set the direction of the push buttons. Each time an input is toggled a bit in PxIN will be modified.
Write a couple different polling schemes for detecting if BUTTON_1 was pushed.
while(!(P2IN&0x01)); or
if (!(P2IN&0x01));
Now we will write a program that lights up one of the LEDs and will light up a different LED once BUTTON_2 is pressed. The LED sequence should go as follows: red, green, yellow, repeat.
Create a new project in CrossStudio and make sure you select the correct processor, the MSP430F169.
Include the correct header file by adding the following line at the top of the main.c file.
#include<msp430x16x.h>
It may be helpful to define some macros for commonly used register values. For example, if we add
#define red_on ~0x04 to the top of the file (after the
#include ) we may call
red_on every time we wanted the value ~0x04. Similarly, you may write a function to turn a light on or off.
Complete the program.
#include <msp430x16x.h>
void main(void)
{
P1DIR |= 0x80; // Set P1.7 as an output pin
P2DIR |= 0x0C; // Set P2.2 & P2.3 as output pins
P1OUT |= 0x80;
P2OUT |= 0x0C; // Turn off all LEDs
while(1){
P1OUT |= 0x80; // turn off yellow LED
P2OUT &= ~0x04; // turn on red LED
while(P2IN&0x02); // waits here while button isn't depressed
while(!(P2IN&0x02)); // waits here while button is pushed in
P2OUT |= 0x04; // turn off red LED
P2OUT &= ~0x08; // turn on green LED
while(P2IN&0x02);
while(!(P2IN&0x02));
P2OUT |= 0x08; // turn off green LED
P1OUT &= ~0x80; // turn on yellow LED
while((P2IN&0x02));
while(!(P2IN&0x02));
}
}
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