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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 8

Grond en mag

Module 6

Die industriële rewolusie : landbou

Die Industriële Revolusie: Landbou

Op die verbetering in vervoer en paaie, het verstedeliking, toename in bevolking en ‘n styging in die lewenstandaard van die mense gevolg. Om meer en beter voedsel te voorsien aan die groeiende bevolking, was ‘n uitdaging vir die landboubedryf.

Robert Bakewell het in Dishley, in die streek Leicester, met skape en beeste geboer. Hy het besef dat vleisproduksie net voldoende sou wees indien die hoeveelheid en die kwaliteit daarvan kon verbeter. Die diere moes gouer markgereed wees en slegs tevrede kopers verseker die beste markpryse. Die gewildste wolskape was op hierdie stadium maer, langbeenskape wat met min kos kon klaarkom.

Bakewell het na eksperimentering ‘n skaap met ‘n groot karkas en baie goeie vleis geteel, wat binne twee jaar markgereed was. Hierdie ras, bekend as die Nuwe Leicesters was dus dubbel so winsgewend as die vorige skaapras wat eers na drie of vier jaar markgereed was. Bakewell was een van die eerste boere wat die waarde van wetenskaplike en gekontroleerde besproeiing van gewasse besef het. Hierdie navorsing was noodsaaklik omdat vleisproduksie nou belangriker geraak het as handel met wol of skaapvelle. Bakewell se eksperimentering met skaaprasse het dus gelei tot navorsing in dierevoer. Ook in beesteling het hy gekonsentreer op eienskappe soos kwaliteit (gehalte) en kwantiteit (hoeveelheid) ten opsigte van vleisproduksie. Sy eksperimentering is nog verder uitgebrei tot ‘n kleiner karperd wat nuttiger was as die groter diere.

  • Kyk na die volgende DIAGRAM van vleisproduksie te koop aangebied by die Smithfield-mark.
1710 1795
Skape 12 kg 35 kg
Beeste 150 kg 360 kg
  • Bestudeer die diagram op die vorige bladsy en antwoord dan die volgende vrae:

1. Het die skaapvleisproduksie vermeerder? Bewys jou antwoord.

2. Het die skaapvleisproduksie meer toegeneem as die beesvleisproduksie?

Bewys jou antwoord.

3. Kan jy van hierdie diagraminligting aflei dat die Britte meer van beesvleis as van skaapvleis gehou het? Verstrek minstens EEN rede vir jou antwoord.

LU 1 AS 1.3

Hoe lyk wetenskaplike navorsing en eksperimentering in die landbou vandag?

Wat is kloning?

  • Dit is ‘n produk van biotegnologie, waardeur selle of ‘n hele dier vervaardig word deur DNA van een ouerdier te gebruik, sonder dat die gewone normale geboorte- en/of groeiproses gevolg word. Die kloon het dan dieselfde DNA as die ouer.

Is kloning onnatuurlik?

  • Nee, klone word dikwels op natuurlike manier geproduseer as identiese tweelinge.

Werk die kloningsproses elke keer?

  • Nee, die skaap Dolly was die eerste geslaagde soogdierreproduksie. Dolly is gemaak van ‘n normale volwasse sel, in hierdie geval uit die uier van ‘n ooi. Meer as 200 pogings om Dolly te maak het misluk .

Is klone normale, gesonde diere?

  • Bokke, skape, koeie en muise is reeds gekloon. Dolly blyk gesond te wees, maar wetenskaplikes vermoed dat gesondheidsprobleme en vroeë veroudering by die klone kan voorkom.

Waar kry ‘n mens meer inligting oor die nuutste tegnologie?

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11043/1.1
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