<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Wiskunde

Graad 9

Getalle

Module 2

Maak wiskunde makliker met eksponente

KLASWERK

  • Onthou jy nog hoe eksponente werk? Skryf neer wat “drie tot die mag sewe” beteken. Wat is die grondtal? Wat is die eksponent? Kan jy mooi verduidelik wat ’n mag is?
  • Hierdie deel het baie voorbeelde met getalle; gebruik jou sakrekenaar om hulle uit te werk sodat jy vertroue in die metodes kan ontwikkel.

1. DEFINISIE

2 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 en a 4 = a × a × a × a en b × b × b = b 3

ook

( a+ b ) 3 = ( a + b ) × ( a + b ) × ( a + b ) en 2 3 4 = 2 3 × 2 3 × 2 3 × 2 3 size 12{ left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) rSup { size 8{4} } = left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) times left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) times left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) times left ( { {2} over {3} } right )} {}

1.1 Skryf die volgende uitdrukkings in uitgebreide vorm:

4 3 ( p +2) 5 a 1 (0,5) 7 b 2 × b 3

1.2 Skryf hierdie uitdrukkings as magte:

7 × 7 × 7 × 7 y × y × y × y × y –2 × –2 × –2 ( x + y ) × ( x + y ) × (x + y ) × ( x + y )

1.3 Antwoord sonder om dit uit te werk: Is (–7) 6 dieselfde as –7 6 ?

  • Gebruik nou ’n sakrekenaar en kyk of die twee waardes dieselfde is.
  • Vergelyk ook die volgende pare deur eers te raai wat die antwoord gaan wees, en dan met jou sakrekenaar te kyk hoe goed jy geskat het.

–5 2 en (–5) 2 –12 5 en (–12) 5 –1 3 en (–1) 3

  • Jy behoort nou ’n goeie idee te hê hoe hakies antwoorde beïnvloed – skryf dit neer sodat jy dit sal onthou en in die toekoms kan gebruik wanneer die probleme moeiliker word.
  • Ons som hierdie deel op in ’n definisie:

a r = a × a × a × a × . . . (daar moet r a ’s wees, en r moet ’n natuurlike getal wees)

  • Van nou af moet jy die belangrikste magte begin memoriseer:

2 2 = 4; 2 3 = 8; 2 4 = 16; ens. 3 2 = 9; 3 3 = 27; 3 4 = 81; ens. 4 2 = 16; 4 3 = 64; ens.

Die meeste eksponentsomme moet sonder ’n sakrekenaar gedoen word.

2 VERMENIGVULDIGING

  • Onthou jy nog dat g 3 × g 8 = g 11 ? Kernwoorde: vermenigvuldig ; dieselfde grondtal

2.1 Vereenvoudig: (moenie uitgebreide vorm gebruik nie).

7 7 × 7 7 (–2) 4 × (–2) 13 ( ½ ) 1 × ( ½ ) 2 × ( ½ ) 3 ( a+b ) a × ( a+b ) b

  • Ons vermenigvuldig magte met enerse grondtalle volgens hierdie reël:

a x × a y = a x+y ook = a x a y = a y a x a x + y size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{ size 7{x+y}} } } size 12{ {}=}a rSup { size 8{x} } size 12{ times }a rSup { size 8{y} } size 12{ {}=}a rSup { size 8{y} } size 12{ times }a rSup { size 8{x} } } {} , bv. 8 14 = 8 4 × 8 10 size 12{8 rSup { size 8{"14"} } =8 rSup { size 8{4} } times 8 rSup { size 8{"10"} } } {}

3. DELING

  • 4 6 4 2 = 4 6 2 = 4 4 size 12{ { {4 rSup { size 8{6} } } over {4 rSup { size 8{2} } } } =4 rSup { size 8{6 - 2} } =4 rSup { size 8{4} } } {} is hoe dit werk. Kernwoorde: deel ; dieselfde grondtal

3.1 Probeer hierdie: a 6 a y size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{6} } }} over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{y} } } } } } {} 3 23 3 21 size 12{ { {3 rSup { size 8{"23"} } } over {3 rSup { size 8{"21"} } } } } {} a + b p a + b 12 size 12{ { { left ( size 11{a+b} right ) rSup { size 8{p} } } over { size 12{ left (a+b right ) rSup { size 8{"12"} } } } } } {} a 7 a 7 size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{7} } }} over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{7} } } } } } {}

  • Die reël wat ons gebruik vir deling van magte is: a x a y = a x y size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{x} } }} over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{y} } } } } size 12{ {}=}a rSup { size 8{x - y} } } {} .

Ook a x y = a x a y size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{x - y} } } size 12{ {}= { {a rSup { size 8{x} } } over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{y} } } } } }} {} , bv. a 7 = a 20 a 13 size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{7} } } size 12{ {}= { {a rSup { size 8{"20"} } } over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{"13"} } } } } }} {}

4. VERHEFFING VAN ’n MAG TOT ’n MAG

  • bv. 3 2 4 size 12{ left (3 rSup { size 8{2} } right ) rSup { size 8{4} } } {} = 3 2 × 4 size 12{3 rSup { size 8{2 times 4} } } {} = 3 8 size 12{3 rSup { size 8{8} } } {} .

4.1 Doen die volgende:

  • Die reël werk so: a x y = a xy size 12{ left (a rSup { size 8{x} } right ) rSup { size 8{y} } =a rSup { size 8{ ital "xy"} } } {} ook a xy = a x y = a y x size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{ bold "xy"} } } size 12{ {}= left (a rSup { size 8{x} } right ) rSup { size 8{y} } } size 12{ {}= left (a rSup { size 8{y} } right ) rSup { size 8{x} } }} {} , bv. 6 18 = 6 6 3 size 12{6 rSup { size 8{"18"} } = left (6 rSup { size 8{6} } right ) rSup { size 8{3} } } {}

5. DIE MAG VAN ’n PRODUK

  • So werk dit:

(2 a ) 3 = (2 a ) × (2 a ) × (2 a ) = 2 × a × 2 × a × 2 × a = 2 × 2 × 2 × a × a × a = 8 a 3

  • Dit word gewoonlik in twee stappe gedoen, nl.: (2 a ) 3 = 2 3 × a 3 = 8 a 3

5.1 Doen self hierdie: (4 x ) 2 ( ab ) 6 (3 × 2) 4 ( ½ x ) 2 ( a 2 b 3 ) 2

  • Dis duidelik dat die eksponent aan elke faktor in die hakies behoort.
  • Hier is die reël: ( ab ) x = a x b x ook a p b p = ab b size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{p} } } size 12{ times }b rSup { size 8{p} } size 12{ {}= left ( bold "ab" right ) rSup { size 8{b} } }} {} bv. 14 3 = 2 × 7 3 = 2 3 7 3 size 12{"14" rSup { size 8{3} } = left (2 times 7 right ) rSup { size 8{3} } =2 rSup { size 8{3} } 7 rSup { size 8{3} } } {} en 3 2 × 4 2 = 3 × 4 2 = 12 2 size 12{3 rSup { size 8{2} } times 4 rSup { size 8{2} } = left (3 times 4 right ) rSup { size 8{2} } ="12" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}

6. DIE MAG VAN ’n BREUK

  • Dis baie dieselfde as die mag van ’n produk. a b 3 = a 3 b 3 size 12{ left ( { { size 11{a}} over { size 11{b}} } right ) rSup { size 8{3} } size 12{ {}= { {a rSup { size 8{3} } } over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{3} } } } } }} {}

6.1 Doen hierdie, maar wees versigtig: 2 3 p size 12{ left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) rSup { size 8{p} } } {} 2 2 3 size 12{ left ( { { left ( - 2 right )} over {2} } right ) rSup { size 8{3} } } {} x 2 y 3 2 size 12{ left ( { { size 11{x rSup { size 8{2} } }} over { size 12{y rSup { size 8{3} } } } } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } {} a x b y 2 size 12{ left ( { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{ - x} } }} over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{ - y} } } } } right ) rSup { size 8{ - 2} } } {}

  • Weer behoort die eksponent aan beide die teller en die noemer.
  • Die reël: a b m = a m b m size 12{ left ( { { size 11{a}} over { size 11{b}} } right ) rSup { size 8{m} } size 12{ {}= { {a rSup { size 8{m} } } over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{m} } } } } }} {} en a m b m = a b m size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{m} } }} over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{m} } } } } size 12{ {}= left ( { {a} over { size 12{b} } } right ) rSup { size 8{m} } }} {} bv. 2 3 3 = 2 3 3 3 = 8 27 size 12{ left ( { {2} over {3} } right ) rSup { size 8{3} } = { {2 rSup { size 8{3} } } over {3 rSup { size 8{3} } } } = { {8} over {"27"} } } {} en a 2x b x = a 2 x b x = a 2 b x size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{2x} } }} over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{x} } } } } = { { left ( size 11{a rSup { size 8{2} } } right ) rSup { size 8{x} } } over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{x} } } } } size 12{ {}= left ( { {a rSup { size 8{2} } } over { size 12{b} } } right ) rSup { size 8{x} } }} {}

einde van KLASWERK

TUTORIAAL

  • Pas hierdie reëls saam toe om die volgende uitdrukkings te vereenvoudig — sonder ’n sakrekenaar.

1. a 5 a 7 a a 8 size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{5} } } size 12{ times }a rSup { size 8{7} } } over { size 12{a size 12{ times }a rSup { size 8{8} } } } } } {}

2. x 3 y 4 x 2 y 5 x 4 y 8 size 12{ { { size 11{x rSup { size 8{3} } } size 12{ times }y rSup { size 8{4} } size 12{ times }x rSup { size 8{2} } y rSup { size 8{5} } } over { size 12{x rSup { size 8{4} } y rSup { size 8{8} } } } } } {}

3. a 2 b 3 c 2 ac 2 2 bc 2 size 12{ left ( size 11{a rSup { size 8{2} } b rSup { size 8{3} } c} right ) rSup { size 8{2} } size 12{ times left ( bold "ac" rSup { size 8{2} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } size 12{ times left ( bold "bc" right ) rSup { size 8{2} } }} {}

4. a 3 b 2 a 3 a b 5 b 4 ab 3 size 12{ size 11{a rSup { size 8{3} } } size 12{ times }b rSup { size 8{2} } size 12{ times { {a rSup { size 8{3} } } over { size 12{a} } } } size 12{ times { {b rSup { size 8{5} } } over { size 12{b rSup { size 8{4} } } } } } size 12{ times left ( bold "ab" right ) rSup { size 8{3} } }} {}

5. 2 xy × 2 x 2 y 4 2 x 2 y 3 2 xy 3 size 12{ left (2 size 11{ bold "xy"} right ) times left (2 size 11{x rSup { size 8{2} } y rSup { size 8{4} } } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } size 12{ times left ( { { left (x rSup { size 8{2} } y right ) rSup { size 8{3} } } over { size 12{ left (2 bold "xy" right ) rSup { size 8{3} } } } } right )}} {}

6. 2 3 × 2 2 × 2 7 8 × 4 × 8 × 2 × 8 size 12{ { {2 rSup { size 8{3} } times 2 rSup { size 8{2} } times 2 rSup { size 8{7} } } over {8 times 4 times 8 times 2 times 8} } } {}

einde van TUTORIAAL

Nog ’n paar reëls

KLASWERK

1 Beskou hierdie geval: = a 5 3 = a 2 a 5 a 3 size 12{ { { size 11{a rSup { size 8{5} } }} over { size 12{a rSup { size 8{3} } } } } size 12{ {}=}a rSup { size 8{5 - 3} } size 12{ {}=}a rSup { size 8{2} } } {}

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11055/1.1
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Wiskunde graad 9' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask