# 1.1 C62x assembly primer ii  (Page 4/8)

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There are several instructions for addition, subtraction and multiplication on C62x CPU. The basic instructions are ADD , SUB , and MPY . Learn about these instructions in the TI manual. ADD and SUB have 0 delay slots (meaning the results of operation are immediately available), but the MPY has 1 delay slot (the result of multiplication is valid after additional 1 clock cycle).

(Add, subtract, and multiply): Write an assembly program to compute ( 0000 ef35h + 0000 33dch - 0000 1234h ) * 0000 0007h

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## Branching and conditional operations

Often you need to control the flow of the program execution by branching to another block of code. The B instruction does the job in the C62x CPU. The address of the branch can be specified either bydisplacement or stored in a register to be used by the B instruction. Read and understand the B instruction in the manual. The B instruction has 5 delay slots, meaning that the actual branch occurs in the 5th clock cycleafter the instruction is executed.

In many cases, depending on the result of previous operations, you execute the branch instructionconditionally. For example, to implement a loop, you decrement the loop counter by 1 each time you run a set ofinstructions and whenever the loop counter is not zero, you need to branch to the beginning of the code block to iteratethe loop operations. In C62x CPU, this conditional branching is implemented using the conditional operations . Although B may be the instruction implemented using conditional operationsmost often, all instructions in C62x can be conditional.

Conditional instructions are represented in code by using square brackets, [ ] , surrounding the condition register name. For example, the following B instruction is executed only if B0 is nonzero:

1 [B0] B .L1 A0

To execute an instruction conditionally when the condition register is zero, we use ! in front of the register. Forexample, the B instruction is executed when B0 is zero.

1 [!B0] B .L1 A0

Not all registers can be used as the condition registers. In C62x CPU, the registers that can be tested in conditionaloperations are B0 , B1 , B2 , A1 , A2 .

(Simple loop): Write an assembly program computing the summation $\sum_{n=1}^{100} n$ by implementing a simple loop.

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## Logical operations and bit manipulation

The logical operations and bit manipulations are accomplished by the AND , OR , XOR , CLR , SET , SHL , and SHR instructions. Read and understand the operations of these instructions.

## Other assembly instructions

Other useful instructions include IDLE and compare instructions such as CMPEQ etc. Read and understand the operations of these instructions.

## C62x instruction set summary

The set of instructions that can be performed in each functional unit is as follows (See , , and ). Please refer to TMS320C62x/C67x CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide for detailed description of each instruction.

.s unit
Instruction Description
ADD(U) signed or unsigned integer addition without saturation
ADDK integer addition using signed 16-bit constant
ADD2 two 16-bit integer adds on upper and lower register halves
B branch using a register
CLR clear a bit field
EXT extract and sign-extend a bit field
MV move from register to register
MVC move between the control file and the register file
MVK move a 16-bit constant into a register and sign extend
MVKH move 16-bit constant into the upper bits of a register
NEG negate (pseudo-operation)
NOT bitwise NOT
OR bitwise OR
SET set a bit field
SHL arithmetic shift left
SHR arithmetic shift right
SSHL shift left with saturation
SUB(U) signed or unsigned integer subtraction without saturation
SUB2 two 16-bit integer integer subs on upper and lower register halves
XOR exclusive OR
ZERO zero a register (pseudo-operation)

what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
Anassong
How can I make nanorobot?
Lily
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
there is no specific books for beginners but there is book called principle of nanotechnology
NANO
how can I make nanorobot?
Lily
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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where are the solutions?
where are the solutions?