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This chapter covers principles of finance. After completing this chapter students should be able to: solve financial problems that involve simple interest; solve problems involving compound interest; find the future value of an annuity; find the amount of payments to a sinking fund; find the present value of an annuity; and find an installment payment on a loan.

Simple interest and discount

Do the following simple interest problems.

If an amount of $2,000 is borrowed at a simple interest rate of 10% for 3 years, how much is the interest?

$600

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You borrow $4,500 for six months at a simple interest rate of 8%. How much is the interest?

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John borrows $2400 for 3 years at 9% simple interest. How much will he owe at the end of 3 years?

$3048

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Jessica takes a loan of $800 for 4 months at 12% simple interest. How much does she owe at the end of the 4-month period?

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If an amount of $2,160, which includes a 10% simple interest for 2 years, is paid back, how much was borrowed 2 years earlier?

$1800

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Jamie just paid off a loan of $2,544, the principal and simple interest. If he took out the loan six months ago at 12% simple interest, what was the amount borrowed?

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Shanti charged $800 on her charge card and did not make a payment for six months. If there is a monthly charge of 1.5%, how much does she owe?

$872

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A credit card company charges 18% interest on the unpaid balance. If you owed $2000 three months ago and have been delinquent since, how much do you owe?

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An amount of $2000 is borrowed for 3 years. At the end of the three years, $2660 is paid back. What was the simple interest rate?

11%

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Nancy borrowed $1,800 and paid back $1,920, four months later. What was the simple interest rate?

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Jose agrees to pay $2,000 in one year at an interest rate of 12%. The bank subtracts the discount of 12% of $2,000, and gives the rest to Jose. Find the amount of the discount and the proceeds to Jose.

Discount $240, Proceeds $1760

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Tasha signs a note for a discounted loan agreeing to pay $1200 in 8 months at an 18% discount rate. Determine the amount of the discount and the proceeds to her.

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An amount of $8,000 is borrowed at a discount rate of 12%, find the proceeds if the length of the loan is 7 months.

$7440

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An amount of $4,000 is borrowed at a discount rate of 10%, find the proceeds if the length of the loan is 180 days.

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Derek needs $2400 new equipment for his shop. He can borrow this money at a discount rate of 14% for a year. Find the amount of the loan he should ask for so that his proceeds are $2400.

$2790.70

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Mary owes June $750, and wants to pay her off. She decides to borrow the amount from her bank at a discount rate of 16%. If she borrows the money for 10 months, find the amount of the loan she should ask for so that her proceeds are $750?

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Compound interest

Do the following compound interest problems involving a lump-sum amount.

If $8,000 is invested at 9.2% compounded monthly, what will the final amount be in 4 years?

$11542.52

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How much should be invested at 10.3% for it to amount to $10,000 in 6 years?

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Source:  OpenStax, Applied finite mathematics. OpenStax CNX. Jul 16, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10613/1.5
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