# 0.7 Solid state and superconductors  (Page 6/9)

 Page 6 / 9

## Experimental procedure

Every part of the experimental procedure has correspondent questions on the Report Form. Do not proceed until ALL questions accompanying each section have been answered and recorded.

1. Demonstration of the 1,2,3-superconductor ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{O}_{8-}$

A pellet of the 1,2,3-superconductor ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{O}_{8-}$ is placed on the top of an inverted paper cup. The pellet is cooled down by carefully pouring liquid nitrogen over it until the bottom of the cup is filled up. After approximately 10 seconds (when the bubbling stops) the pellet should reach the liquid nitrogen temperature. Your TA will then place a very strong magnet over the pellet.

What happens to the magnet? What happens as the superconductor warms up? What is the Meissner effect? (Write observations and answer these questions on your report form)

Warning- LIQUID NITROGEN CAN CAUSE FROST BITE! Do not directly touch anything that has come into contact with the liquid nitrogen until it is warmed up to room temperature.

NOTE TO TA: to remove a levitating magnet, simply wait until the liquid nitrogen fully evaporates or use another magnet to "grab" the floating magnet. Be careful not to lose or break these very tiny, yet expensive, magnets!!!!

## 2. cubic cells

There are many types of fundamental unit cells, one of which is the cubic cell. In turn, there are three subclasses of the cubic cell:

a. simple or primitive cubic (P)

b. body-centered cubic (bcc, I*)

c. face-centered cubic (fcc, F)

*The I designation for body-centered cubic comes from the German word innenzentriert.

We do not have time to build models of all of the unit cells possible, so we will focus on the cubic structure and its variations. Our investigation will include several aspects of each cell type:

• the number of atoms per unit cell
• the efficiency of the packing of atoms in the volume of each unit cell
• the number of nearest neighbors (coordination number) for each type of atom
• the stoichiometry (atom-to-atom ratio) of the compound

A.    Simple Cubic Unit Cells or Primitive Cubic Unit Cells (P)

## Team a

Group 1. Single Unit Cell

·Construct a simple cubic cell using template A and its matching base.

·Insert rods in the 4 circled holes in the shaded region of the template.

·Build the first layer (z = 0) by placing a colorless sphere on each rod in the shaded region.

·Draw a picture of this layer as previously described.

·Complete the unit cell by placing 4 colorless spheres on top of the first layer.

This is the z=1 layer.

## Group 2. extended structure

• Construct an extended cubic cell using template A.
• Insert rods in the circled holes of template A in the area enclosed by the dotted lines.
• Construct a set of unit cells as described for making a single unit cell.

Look closely at the structures generated by both groups. They are called simple (or primitive) cubic.

Considering all of the cells around it, answer the corresponding questions on the report form.

B.     Body-Centered Cubic Structure (BCC)

Team B

Group 1. Single Unit Cell

·Construct a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure using template F.·Insert the rods in all 5 of the holes in the shaded region.

#### Questions & Answers

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x-2y+3z=-3 2x-y+z=7 -x+3y-z=6
Need help solving this problem (2/7)^-2
x+2y-z=7
Sidiki
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-1
Shedrak
the operation * is x * y =x + y/ 1+(x × y) show if the operation is commutative if x × y is not equal to -1
An investment account was opened with an initial deposit of $9,600 and earns 7.4% interest, compounded continuously. How much will the account be worth after 15 years? Kala Reply lim x to infinity e^1-e^-1/log(1+x) given eccentricity and a point find the equiation Moses Reply 12, 17, 22.... 25th term Alexandra Reply 12, 17, 22.... 25th term Akash College algebra is really hard? Shirleen Reply Absolutely, for me. My problems with math started in First grade...involving a nun Sister Anastasia, bad vision, talking & getting expelled from Catholic school. When it comes to math I just can't focus and all I can hear is our family silverware banging and clanging on the pink Formica table. Carole I'm 13 and I understand it great AJ I am 1 year old but I can do it! 1+1=2 proof very hard for me though. Atone hi Adu Not really they are just easy concepts which can be understood if you have great basics. I am 14 I understood them easily. Vedant hi vedant can u help me with some assignments Solomon find the 15th term of the geometric sequince whose first is 18 and last term of 387 Jerwin Reply I know this work salma The given of f(x=x-2. then what is the value of this f(3) 5f(x+1) virgelyn Reply hmm well what is the answer Abhi If f(x) = x-2 then, f(3) when 5f(x+1) 5((3-2)+1) 5(1+1) 5(2) 10 Augustine how do they get the third part x = (32)5/4 kinnecy Reply make 5/4 into a mixed number, make that a decimal, and then multiply 32 by the decimal 5/4 turns out to be AJ how Sheref can someone help me with some logarithmic and exponential equations. Jeffrey Reply sure. what is your question? ninjadapaul 20/(×-6^2) Salomon okay, so you have 6 raised to the power of 2. what is that part of your answer ninjadapaul I don't understand what the A with approx sign and the boxed x mean ninjadapaul it think it's written 20/(X-6)^2 so it's 20 divided by X-6 squared Salomon I'm not sure why it wrote it the other way Salomon I got X =-6 Salomon ok. so take the square root of both sides, now you have plus or minus the square root of 20= x-6 ninjadapaul oops. ignore that. ninjadapaul so you not have an equal sign anywhere in the original equation? ninjadapaul hmm Abhi is it a question of log Abhi 🤔. Abhi I rally confuse this number And equations too I need exactly help salma But this is not salma it's Faiza live in lousvile Ky I garbage this so I am going collage with JCTC that the of the collage thank you my friends salma Commplementary angles Idrissa Reply hello Sherica im all ears I need to learn Sherica right! what he said ⤴⤴⤴ Tamia hii Uday hi salma hi Ayuba Hello opoku hi Ali greetings from Iran Ali salut. from Algeria Bach hi Nharnhar A soccer field is a rectangle 130 meters wide and 110 meters long. The coach asks players to run from one corner to the other corner diagonally across. What is that distance, to the nearest tenths place. Kimberly Reply Jeannette has$5 and \$10 bills in her wallet. The number of fives is three more than six times the number of tens. Let t represent the number of tens. Write an expression for the number of fives.
What is the expressiin for seven less than four times the number of nickels
How do i figure this problem out.
how do you translate this in Algebraic Expressions
why surface tension is zero at critical temperature
Shanjida
I think if critical temperature denote high temperature then a liquid stats boils that time the water stats to evaporate so some moles of h2o to up and due to high temp the bonding break they have low density so it can be a reason
s.
Need to simplify the expresin. 3/7 (x+y)-1/7 (x-1)=
. After 3 months on a diet, Lisa had lost 12% of her original weight. She lost 21 pounds. What was Lisa's original weight?
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