# 0.1 Atomic masses and molecular formulas  (Page 9/10)

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Since this seems like a useful number of atoms, we will give it a name. N is called a mole of atoms. We don’t need to know what N is to know that we can find a mole of atoms simply by finding the mass of a sample: 12.01 g of carbon, 1.008 g of hydrogen, 15.99 g of oxygen, and so on. (For historical reasons, the value of N which is a mole of atoms is called “Avogadro’s number,” in his honor but not because he discovered the number. Avogadro’s number is given the symbol N A . The number of particles in a mole is approximately 6.022×10 23 , although we will almost never need this number when doing chemical calculations.)

Since we know the mass of one mole of a substance, we can find the number of moles in a sample of that substance just by finding the mass. Consider a sample of carbon with mass 24.02 g. This is twice the mass of one mole, so it must contain twice the number of particles as one mole. This must be two moles of particles. That example was easy, but what if we have 30.02 g of carbon? Since one mole has mass 12.01 g, then 30.02 g must contain 30.02/12.01 moles = 2.5 moles. Even more generally, then, if we have a sample of an element has mass m and the atomic mass of the element is M, the number of moles of atoms, n , is

$n\mathrm{=}\frac{m}{M}$

Since one mole contains a fixed number of particles, regardless of the type of particle, calculating the number of moles n is a way of counting the number of particles in a sample with mass m . For example, in the 100.0 g sample of the compound above, we have 40.0 g of carbon, 53.3 g of oxygen, and 6.7 g of hydrogen. We can calculate the number of moles of atoms of each element using the equation above:

${n}_{C}\mathrm{=}\frac{\text{40}\text{.}0g}{\text{12}\text{.}0g\mathrm{/}\text{mol}}\mathrm{=}3\text{.}\text{33}\text{moles}$

${n}_{O}\mathrm{=}\frac{\text{53}\text{.}3g}{\text{16}\text{.}0g\mathrm{/}\text{mol}}\mathrm{=}3\text{.}\text{33}\text{moles}$

${n}_{H}\mathrm{=}\frac{6\text{.}7g}{1\text{.}0g\mathrm{/}\text{mol}}\mathrm{=}6\text{.}\text{67}\text{moles}$

A mole is a fixed number of particles. Therefore, the ratio of the numbers of moles is also the same as the ratio of the numbers of atoms. In the data above, this means that the ratio of the number of moles of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen is 1:1:2, and therefore the ratio of the three types of atoms in the compound is also 1:1:2. This suggests that the compound has molecular formula COH 2 .

However, this is just the ratio of the atoms of each type, and does not give the number of atoms of each type. Thus the molecular formula could just as easily be C 2 O 2 H 4 or C 3 O 3 H 6 . Since the formula COH 2 is based on empirical mass ratio data, we refer to this as the empirical formula of the compound. To determine the molecular formula, we need to determine the relative mass of a molecule of the compound, i.e. the molecular mass. One way to do so is based on the Law of Combining Volumes, Avogadro’s Hypothesis, and the Ideal Gas Law. To illustrate, however, if we were to find that the relative mass of one molecule of the compound is 60.0, we could conclude that the molecular formula is C 2 O 2 H 4 .

Counting the relative number of particles in a sample of a substance by measuring the mass and calculating the number of moles allows us to do “chemical algebra,” calculations of the masses of materials that react and are produced during chemical reactions.

where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
learn
da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
nanocopper obvius
Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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