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A través del presente módulo se pretende dar una introducción muy general al software de simulación LabVIEW de National Instruments, englobando su funcionalidad para el área de las Comunicaciones Digitales. Adicionalmente, se explicará detalladamente la teoría referente a la modulación por código de pulso (PCM), en conjunto con una simulación en LabVIEW que respalde el contenido teórico.

Introducción al software labview y teoría básica de pcm (pulse code modulation)

González C. Y. Venuska

Mezoa R. Mariangela

Resumen

A través del presente módulo se pretende dar una introducción muy general al software de simulación LabVIEW de National Instruments, englobando su funcionalidad para el área de las Comunicaciones Digitales. Adicionalmente, se explicará detalladamente la teoría referente a la modulación por código de pulso (PCM), en conjunto con una simulación en LabVIEW que respalde el contenido teórico.

¿qué es labview?

LabVIEW es una herramienta de programación destinada para desarrollar sistemas de pruebas, diseño y control a través de un lenguaje llamado Lenguaje G ,siendo la G el símbolo que representa el ámbito Gráfico. Pudiéramos decir que estructurar un sistema en este software se aproxima a elaborar un diagrama de flujo, dado que sus herramientas (representadas por íconos gráficos) son intuitivas y secuenciales, permitiéndole hasta al usuario menos experimentado programar proyectos relativamente complejos.

Su ventaja más fuerte, como ya se mencionó, es que la programación es a través de gráficos o bloques , simplificando así el desarrollo de programas por líneas de código. En adición a lo anterior, su capacidad de desarrollar prácticamente cualquier tipo de programa lo hace compatible con miles de software.

¿cómo funciona labview?

Los programas elaborados en LabVIEW se conocen como VIs o Virtual Instruments (Instrumentos Virtuales) y están constituidos por dos paneles:

  • Panel Frontal ( Front Panel ): Interfaz gráfica con el usuario. Es en esta sección donde el usuario se encargará de introducir datos para luego representar las salidas proporcionadas por el programa. Aquí, es posible la introducción de botones, gráficos e indicadores que varíen los parámetros necesarios para el funcionamiento correcto del mismo.

Panel frontal

Menú desplegado de controles a implementar por el usuario. Como se puede observar en la imagen, se pueden definir desde controles numéricos hasta decoraciones de la interfaz del programa.
  • Diagrama de Bloques ( Block Diagram ): Es el panel en donde se construye el código fuente del VI. Es el programa como tal, en donde se colocan bloques con cierta funcionalidad que conectados estratégicamente (de acuerdo con las necesidades del usuario) realizarán una determinada función. Cada Control que se coloque en el panel frontal tendrá en el Diagrama de Bloques un terminal que podrá interconectarse con la estructura hecha en el programa, generando así la interacción de información de entrada y salida del VI.

Diagrama de bloques

Menú desplegado para el Procesamiento de Señales. De acuerdo con el programa que se desee hacer, habrá una gran variedad de funciones que se adapten a la necesidad del usuario.

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Laboratorio digital interactivo. OpenStax CNX. Feb 09, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11274/1.1
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