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The use of a variable temperature insert can allow measurements to be made over a wide range 1.8–400 K. Typically, the sample temperature is controlled by helium gas flowing slowly past the sample. The temperature of this gas is regulated using a heater located below the sample measuring region and a thermometer located above the sample region. This arrangement ensures that the entire region has reached thermal equilibrium prior to data acquisition. The helium gas is obtained from normal evaporation in the Dewar, and its flow rate is controlled by a precision regulating valve.
The magnetic moment calibration for the SQUID is determined by measuring a palladium standard over a range of magnetic fields and then by adjusting to obtain the correct moment for the standard. The palladium standard samples are effectively point sources with an accuracy of approximately 0.1%.
The type, size and geometry of a sample is usually sufficient to determine the method you use to attach it to the sample. However mostly for MPMS measurements a plastic straw is used. This is due to the straw having minimal magnetic susceptibility.
However there are a few important considerations for the sample holder design when mounting a sample for measurement in a magnetometer. The sample holder can be a major contributor to the background signal. Its contribution can be minimized by choosing materials with low magnetic susceptibility and by keeping the mass to a minimum such as a plastic straw mentioned above.
The materials used to hold a sample must perform well over the temperature range to be used. In a MPMS, the geometric arrangement of the background and sample is critical when their magnetic susceptibilities will be of similar magnitude. Thus, the sample holder should optimize the sample’s positioning in the magnetometer. A sample should be mounted rigidly in order to avoid excess sample motion during measurement. A sample holder should also allow easy access for mounting the sample, and its background contribution should be easy to measure. This advisory introduces some mounting methods and discusses some of the more important considerations when mounting samples for the MPMS magnetometer. Keep in mind that these are only recommendations, not guaranteed procedures. The researcher is responsible for assuring that the methods and materials used will meet experimental requirements.
For many types of samples, mounting to a platform is the most convenient method. The platform’s mass and susceptibility should be as small as possible in order to minimize its background contribution and signal distortion.
A plastic disc about 2 mm thick with an outside diameter equivalent to the pliable plastic tube’s diameter (a clear drinking straw is suitable) is inserted and twisted into place. The platform should be fairly rigid. Mount samples onto this platform with glue. Place a second disc, with a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the tube and with the same mass, on top of the sample to help provide the desired symmetry. Pour powdered samples onto the platform and place a second disc on top. The powders will be able to align with the field. Make sure the sample tube is capped and ventilated.
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