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1.1 The study of life Read Online
Viewed from space, Earth offers no clues about the diversity of life forms that reside there. The first forms of life on Earth are thought to have been microorganisms that existed for billions of years in the ocean before plants and animals appeared. The mammals, birds, and flowers so familiar to us are all relatively recent, originating 130 to 200 million years ago. Humans have inhabited this planet for only the last 2.5 million years, and only in the last 200,000 years have humans started looking like we do today.
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Question: The relatedness of organisms determined by counting common characteristics is called
Choices:
evolutionary taxonomy.
amino acid sequences.
DNA sequences.
numerical taxonomy.
suggests the organisms are very closely related at the species level AND means the GC content is 45%.
Question: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the few species of bacteria that
Choices:
are encapsulated.
stain Gram-negative.
are acid fast.
stain Gram-positive.
Question: Woese
Choices:
was involved in determining rRNA sequences.
proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups.
proposed breaking eukaryotes into Archaea and Bacteria.
was involved in refining the Gram stain for classification purposes.
was involved in determining rRNA sequences AND proposed breaking prokaryotes into two groups.
Question: Phage typing
Choices:
is useful for determining eukaryotic cell types.
is used to extract DNA from cells.
is used to distinguish bacterial strains.
is dependent on the type of eukaryotic cell.
is used to distinguish bacterial strains AND is dependent on the type of eukaryotic cell.
Question: APITM, EnterotubeTM and VitekTM are all
Choices:
methods for extracting DNA from bacteria.
used to measure gas production.
commercially available methods used to identify bacteria.
used to show the presence of bacteria in a sample.
Question: Phenotypically identical bacteria
Choices:
look the same.
are genetically exactly the same.
may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis.
may not be told apart by any means.
look the same AND may be told apart by DNA sequence analysis.
Question: Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci found in sputum is indicative of
Choices:
coli.
Pseudomonas.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Neisseria gonorrhea.
Question: The name Lactococcus (Streptococcus) lactis
Choices:
indicates that the subgenus is Streptococcus.
indicates that the family is Lactococcus.
indicates that Streptococcus is the old genus name.
indicates that Lactococcus is the old class name.
Question: Organisms that grow very slowly, are non-culturable, are present in very small numbers or are mixed with a number of other bacteria may still be identified using
Choices:
Southern blotting.
replica plating.
PCR.
gas chromatography of fatty acids.
Question: In 1908 Orla-Jensen suggested that bacteria be grouped according to their
Choices:
arrangement.
morphology.
physiology.
Gram stain.
Question: The three domain classification scheme uses
Choices:
order, phylum, class.
plants, animals, bacteria.
protista, prokaryotae, fungaea.
Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.
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