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Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
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1.1 What is psychology? Read Online
1.2 History of psychology Read Online
Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician who lost his ability to form new memories when he became sick at the age of 46. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb (Mundasad, 2013). John Nash is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner. However, while he was a professor at MIT, he would tell people that the New York Times contained coded messages from extraterrestrial beings that were intended for him. He also began to hear voices and became suspicious of the people around him. Soon thereafter, Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to a state-run mental institution (O’Connor&Robertson, 2002). Nash was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind . Why did these people have these experiences? How does the human brain work? And what is the connection between the brain’s internal processes and people’s external behaviors? This textbook will introduce you to various ways that the field of psychology has explored these questions.
American Board of Forensic Psychology. (2014). Brochure . Retrieved from http://www.abfp.com/brochure.asp
American Psychological Association. (2014). Retrieved from www.apa.org
American Psychological Association. (2014). Graduate training and career possibilities in exercise and sport psychology. Retrieved from http://www.apadivisions.org/division-47/about/resources/training.aspx?item=1
American Psychological Association. (2011). Psychology as a career. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/education/undergrad/psych-career.aspx
Ashliman, D. L. (2001). Cupid and Psyche. In Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
Betancourt, H.,&López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist , 48 , 629–637.
Black, S. R., Spence, S. A.,&Omari, S. R. (2004). Contributions of African Americans to the field of psychology. Journal of Black Studies , 35 , 40–64.
Bulfinch, T. (1855). The age of fable: Or, stories of gods and heroes . Boston, MA: Chase, Nichols and Hill.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1–49.
Download MCQ Exam PDF eBook
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Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
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Question: In one study (from Woodward, 1998), 3-month olds and 6-month olds saw repeatedly a person reach for an object (ball) on the left and not reach for a teddy bear on the right. Then, they saw a display in which the teddy bear was on the left, and the ball on the right. The person either reached for the teddy bear on the left (same action, new object) or the ball on the right (same object, new action). Looking time was used as a measure to infer how the 3-month olds and 6- month olds interpreted the relation between the initial habituation phase and the subsequent changed test phases. The results indicated
Choices:
both 3-month olds and 6-month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object than when the person made a new action
both 3-month olds and 6-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action than when the person grabbed a new object
6-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action, but 3-month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object
3-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action, but 6-month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object
Question: Theory of mind research has reported which findings?
Choices:
maturation of theory of mind occurs earlier in interdependent than independent cultures, earlier in children with older siblings, and later in autism
maturation of theory of mind occurs earlier in interdependent than independent cultures, earlier in children with younger siblings, and later in autism
maturation of theory of mind occurs similarly in interdependent and independent cultures, earlier in children with older siblings, and later in autism
maturation of theory of mind occurs similarly in interdependent and independent cultures, earlier in children with younger siblings, and later in autism
Question: Which brain region (1) is activated in response to physical pain, the social pain of exclusion, and the personal pain of romantic rejection, and (2) which brain region shows a relation between volume and risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Choices:
(1) hippocampus; (2) cingulate cortex
(1) cingulate cortex; (2) hippocampus
(1) amygdala; (2) cingulate cortex
(1) cingulate cortex; (2) amygdala
Question: A survey of 5,000 young adults, ages 19-25, revealed that
Choices:
about 80% had a psychiatric disorder in the past year, and less than 50% with a disorder sought treatment
about 10% had a psychiatric disorder in the past year, and less than 5% with a disorder sought treatment
about 50% had a psychiatric disorder in the past year, and less than 25% with a disorder sought treatment
about 50% had a psychiatric disorder in the past year, and about 1% with a disorder sought treatment
Question: Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that activation in the frontal lobes is more _________ in older relative to younger people and that this change in older adults is associated with ________ cognitive aging.
Choices:
symmetric; successful
symmetric; unsuccessful
asymmetric; unsuccessful
asymmetric; successful
Question: Adaptive physiological changes that occur in response to acute stress include all of the below EXCEPT
Choices:
suppression of immune system
suppression of growth
suppression of digestion
suppression of cardiovascular tone
Question: The probability that if one identical (monozygotic) twin is diagnosed with schizophrenia, so will the other twin is
Choices:
90%
50%
10%
1%
Question: Which is NOT true about measures of personality?
Choices:
their stability increases with age
personality traits, according to twin studies, are about 50% heritable
conscientiousness appears to diminish risk of Alzheimer's disease
children are more similar to an adoptive sibling than to any randomly selected unrelated child
Question: Research indicates that for a test taken in the afternoon
Choices:
introverts and extraverts perform better after consuming caffeine
introverts and extraverts perform worse after consuming caffeine
introverts perform better but extraverts perform worse after consuming caffeine
extraverts perform better but introverts perform worse after consuming caffeine
Question: The subgenual cingulate has been implicated as playing an important role in depression. Which one of the results below is FALSE?
Choices:
subgenual cingulate metabolism is reduced in depression
subgenual cingulate volume is reduced in depression
there is a reduced number of neurons in subgenual cingulate in depression
greater activation in the subgenual cingulate predicts better drug treatment outcome
Question: From age 16 to young adulthood (age 22), grey matter volume in frontal and temporal lobes _______ and white matter volume ________ .
Choices:
decreases; increases
is constant; decreases
increases; is constant
increases; decreases
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