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The pre-columbian world and early globalization

Alchon, Suzanne Austin. 2003. A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective . Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Brown, Kathleen M. 1996. Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Clendinnen, Inga. 1991. Aztecs: An Interpretation . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cook, Harold John. 2007. Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age . New Haven: Yale University Press.

Curtin, Philip D. 1990. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Leon, Portilla Miguel. (1992) 2006. The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico . Boston: Beacon Press.

Mann, Charles C. 2005. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus . New York: Knopf.

—. 2011. 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created . New York: Knopf.

Meltzer, David J. 2009. First Peoples in a New World: Colonizing Ice Age America . Berkeley: University of California Press.

Niane, Djibril Tamsir. 1965. Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali . Translated by G. D. Pickett. London: Longmans.

Northrup, David. 2013. Africa's Discovery of Europe . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pagden, Anthony. 1995. Lords of all the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500–c.1800 . New Haven: Yale University Press.

Prescott, William Hickling. 1936. History of the Conquest of Mexico, and History of the Conquest of Peru . New York: Modern Library.

Seed, Patricia. 1995. Ceremonies of Possession in Europe’s Conquest of the New World, 1492–1640 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Taylor, Alan. 2002. American Colonies . New York: Penguin Books.

Thornton, John K. 1992. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wey Gómez, Nicolás. 2008. The Tropics of Empire: Why Columbus Sailed South to the Indies . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

The colonial americas

Bailyn, Bernard. 2012. The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600–1675 . New York: Vintage Books.

Berlin, Ira. 1998. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America . Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Calloway, Colin G. 2011. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History . Fourth edition, Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s Press.

Elliott, J. H. 2006. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830 . New Haven: Yale University Press.

Fischer, David H. 1989. Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America . New York: Oxford University Press.

Gaustad, Edwin S. 1982. A Documentary History of Religion in America . Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Gibson, Charles. 1964. The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810 . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Hatfield, April Lee. 2004. Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, U.s. history. OpenStax CNX. Jan 12, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11740/1.3
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