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Welcome to Introduction to Sociology 2e , an OpenStax resource created with several goals in mind: accessibility, affordability, customization, and student engagement—all while encouraging learners toward high levels of learning. Instructors and students alike will find that this textbook offers a strong foundation in sociology. It is available for free online and in low-cost print and e-book editions.
To broaden access and encourage community curation, Introduction to Sociology 2e is “open source” licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license. Everyone is invited to submit examples, emerging research, and other feedback to enhance and strengthen the material and keep it current and relevant for today’s students. You can make suggestions by contacting us at info@openstaxcollege.org.
This book is written for you and is based on the teaching and research experience of numerous sociologists. In today’s global socially networked world, the topic of sociology is more relevant than ever before. We hope that through this book, you will learn how simple, everyday human actions and interactions can change the world. In this book, you will find applications of sociology concepts that are relevant, current, and balanced.
This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course. Since current events influence our social perspectives and the field of sociology in general, OpenStax encourages instructors to keep this book fresh by sending in your up-to-date examples to info@openstaxcollege.org so that students and instructors around the country can relate and engage in fruitful discussions.
Introduction to Sociology 2e adheres to the scope and sequence of a typical introductory sociology course. In addition to comprehensive coverage of core concepts, foundational scholars, and emerging theories we have incorporated section reviews with engaging questions, discussions that help students apply the sociological imagination, and features that draw learners into the discipline in meaningful ways. Although this text can be modified and reorganized to suit your needs, the standard version is organized so that topics are introduced conceptually, with relevant, everyday experiences.
Part of the mission of the second edition update was to ensure the research, examples and concepts used in this textbook are current and relevant to today’s student. To this end, we have rewritten the introduction of each chapter to reflect the latest developments in sociology, history and global culture. In addition to new graphs and images, the reader of the second edition will find new feature boxes on a diverse array of topics, which has been one of the goals of the update—bringing the world into greater focus through case studies on global culture.
Question: You're pitching well in a really big game. An opposing veteran player wiffs at a pitch and yells "I REALLY WANT THAT PITCH BACK" after you blow a riser right by him. What he's really saying is:
Choices:
"I REALLY WANT THAT PITCH BACK"
"Wow! I have no chance of hitting that pitch, I must bluff my way to success"
"I wonder if the tolls to get home are going to keep increasing?"
"What am I doing?"
"That was a good pitch, gotta tip your hat and keep trying"
Question: When batting with a Loco, Screwball, NJWA, or GTSOH bat (all the same barrel), the best way to increase your batting average is to:
Choices:
Pack the bat with a ton of newspaper or foam packing peanuts
Turn the narrow side of the bat forward to maximize the surface of the barrel
Constantly remold the bat so that it never gets a flat side (personal preference really)
Turn the flat side of the bat forward to maximize the surface of the barrel
Practice less
Question: And finally, a freshly cut or scuffed Wiffle®Ball will be more susceptible to:
Choices:
Breaking, folding, and cracking
Flying further because they've been aged
Re-smoothing back into a brand new ball
Tacoing because of heavy bat caps
Less movement because the cuts are fresh
Question: When cutting a Wiffle®Ball, adding more X's or lines in between the holes will result in?
Choices:
Less movement on all of your pitches
More horizontal (L-R) movement on pitches like your riser and drop
More vertical (UP-Down) movement on pitches like your riser and drop
Instant walks
Instant strikeouts
Question: If you're facing a pitcher that is really shutting your team down offensively, one of the many ways to beat him with your Wiffle IQ is to:
Choices:
Tip your cap and go practice some more
Pick one pitch that he is throwing consistently, memorize his delivery, and yet never swing at that pitch
Swing at everything because he probably doesn't know what he's doing
Give up ASAP
Try your hardest to make contact so that his ball gets worn down and breaks soon
Question: It's late in the game and you're accuracy is starting to slip on the mound. You keep missing the zone by mere inches and you notice that that batter is really acting peculiar. He's throwing the ball back to you quickly, has incorporated a big leg kick into his load time, and is acting all aggressive at the plate (yet he's not sqinging). The batter is clearly trying to:
Choices:
Stall for time so that you don't have time to reset on the mound
Be patient but he simply cant lay off all of your wild pitches
Prove his dominance because he know's that he's starting on everyone's fantasy wiff team this week
Prove that he is a very manly athlete
Rush you, throw off your rhythm, and/or amp you up so that you walk him and tilt mentally
Question: Which of the following pitches would be the most consistent pitch to throw to the backstop when turning a double play? Assume standard Golden Stick rules apply.
Choices:
Riser
Knuckle Curve
Screwball
Change Up
Drop Change Up
Question: The opposing pitcher was just clocked at 102 and has an ego the size of your high school catchers bat bag. You notice that he's grooved 2-3 risers in a row to each of your teammates, relying on his pitch speed to get outs. In order to beat him with your bat you should probably:
Choices:
Grab a lawn chair and call it a day because those risers are on fire
Grab a shorter bat for more bat speed
Grab a thicker bat for more drag time
Grab a longer bat to stand back away from the big slider
Grab the league president and inquire about the leagues drug enhancement policies
Question: One of your teammates couldn't make it today, so your #2 pitchers are playing as a 2-man team at a big tournament. You're pitching, but positioning your teammate in the field is key. In this situation the best choice of action is to:
Choices:
Adjust your teammates fielding location based on the position of the sun, moon, whatever
Have your teammate alternate between infield and outfield at random and maybe you'll get lucky
Always have your teammate play the infield since the majority of hits are ground balls
Adjust your teammates fielding location based on the situation as well as what you both know of the other teams hitting tendencies
Always have your teammate play the outfield since the majority of hits are fly balls
Question: You're playing the left side of the infield in a championship game. Your team also has a pitcher and one outfielder in left field. The fences are around 90 foot by 105 foot by 90 foot approximately. Your team is up 1-0 going into the last inning, when a towering fly ball is hit into left field. It's going to be close, you outfielder is at the fence, you should probably:
Choices:
Grit your teeth and hope for the best
Shout "YOU'VE GOT ROOM" when your teammate is pressed up against the fence
Circle behind the pitcher and scream loudly
Pray, wish, hope, whatever
Literally run into left field as fast as you can since the outfielder might toss the ball back over the fence to you to complete the out
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