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Blood pressure

This photo shows a nurse taking a woman’s blood pressure with a blood pressure cuff. The nurse is pumping the cuff with her right hand and holding a stethoscope on the patient’s arm with her left hand.
A proficiency in anatomy and physiology is fundamental to any career in the health professions. (credit: Bryan Mason/flickr)

Chapter objectives

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

  • Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, and identify several branches of each
  • Describe the structure of the body, from simplest to most complex, in terms of the six levels of organization
  • Identify the functional characteristics of human life
  • Identify the four requirements for human survival
  • Define homeostasis and explain its importance to normal human functioning
  • Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures, body regions, and directions in the body
  • Compare and contrast at least four medical imagining techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine

Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.

This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.

Quiz PDF eBook: 
Endocrinology (MCQ)
Download Endocrinology Quiz PDF eBook
118 Pages
2016
English US
Educational Materials



Sample Questions from the Endocrinology (MCQ) Quiz

Question: Which hormone does the cell type corticotrope make?

Choices:

ACTH

GH

PRL

LH/FSH

TSH

Question: A secretion deficiency of AVP/ADH/Vasopressin from the posterior pituitary causes the disease.....

Choices:

Diabetes inspidus

Diabetes mellitus

Renal failure

Heart attacks/stroke

Question: An arterial decrease in pO2 and increase in pCO2 stimulates the release of ......

Choices:

Oxytocin

ATP

AVP/ADH/Vasopressin

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

Question: Catecholamine hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla: L-Tyrosine--> __________ --> Dopamine --> Noradrenaline --> Adrenaline What is missing?

Choices:

Hydroxyalanine

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Dihydroxyalanine

Dihydroxyphenyltyrosine

Question: Which one of these hormones are derived from fatty acids?

Choices:

ATP

TRH

Cortisol

Prostaglandin

Question: Which one of the following is NOT an endocrine disease

Choices:

Diabetes mellitus

Thyroid disease

Infertility

Obesity

They all are.

Question: Which is NOT a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Choices:

Oxytocin

MSH

Vasopressin/AVP/Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question: Which are primary effects of vasopressin/AVP/ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)?

Choices:

Increasing water retention

Causing an inflammatory response

Decreasing urine output

Decreasing blood pressure

Question: Steroid and thyroid hormones have cell membrane receptors.

Choices:

True

False

Question: The A in the HPA axis stands for ....

Choices:

Adrenaline

Action

Afferent

Adrenals

Question: What is the abbreviated name of the enzyme involved in turning cholesterol into Pregnenolone?

Choices:

StAR

MOA

TOA

SAR

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