# 2.11 Homework  (Page 5/5)

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The following box plot shows the U.S. population for 1990, the latest available year. (Source: Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census)

• Are there fewer or more children (age 17 and under) than senior citizens (age 65 and over)? How do you know?
• 12.6% are age 65 and over. Approximately what percent of the population are of working age adults (above age 17 to age 65)?
• more children
• 62.4%

Javier and Ercilia are supervisors at a shopping mall. Each was given the task of estimating the mean distance that shoppers live from the mall. They each randomly surveyed 100 shoppers. The samples yielded the following information:

Javier Ercilla
$\overline{x}$ 6.0 miles 6.0 miles
$s$ 4.0 miles 7.0 miles
• How can you determine which survey was correct?
• Explain what the difference in the results of the surveys implies about the data.
• If the two histograms depict the distribution of values for each supervisor, which one depicts Ercilia's sample? How do you know?
• If the two box plots depict the distribution of values for each supervisor, which one depicts Ercilia’s sample? How do you know?

Student grades on a chemistry exam were:

• 77, 78, 76, 81, 86, 51, 79, 82, 84, 99

• Construct a stem-and-leaf plot of the data.
• Are there any potential outliers? If so, which scores are they? Why do you consider them outliers?
• 51,99

## Try these multiple choice questions (exercises 24 - 30).

The next three questions refer to the following information. We are interested in the number of years students in a particular elementary statistics class have lived in California. The information in the following table is from the entire section.

Number of years Frequency
Total = 20
7 1
14 3
15 1
18 1
19 4
20 3
22 1
23 1
26 1
40 2
42 2

What is the IQR?

• 8
• 11
• 15
• 35

A

What is the mode?

• 19
• 19.5
• 14 and 20
• 22.65

A

Is this a sample or the entire population?

• sample
• entire population
• neither

B

The next two questions refer to the following table. $X$ = the number of days per week that 100 clients use a particular exercise facility.

X Frequency
0 3
1 12
2 33
3 28
4 11
5 9
6 4

The 80th percentile is:

• 5
• 80
• 3
• 4

D

The number that is 1.5 standard deviations BELOW the mean is approximately:

• 0.7
• 4.8
• -2.8
• Cannot be determined

A

The next two questions refer to the following histogram. Suppose one hundred eleven people who shopped in a special T-shirt store were asked the number of T-shirts they own costing more than $19 each. The percent of people that own at most three (3) T-shirts costing more than$19 each is approximately:

• 21
• 59
• 41
• Cannot be determined

C

If the data were collected by asking the first 111 people who entered the store, then the type of sampling is:

• cluster
• simple random
• stratified
• convenience

D

Below are the 2008 obesity rates by U.S. states and Washington, DC . ( Source: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html#State )

State Percent (%) State Percent (%)
Alabama 31.4 Montana 23.9
Arkansas 28.7 New Hampshire 24
California 23.7 New Jersey 22.9
Connecticut 21 New York 24.4
Delaware 27 North Carolina 29
Washington, DC 21.8 North Dakota 27.1
Florida 24.4 Ohio 28.7
Georgia 27.3 Oklahoma 30.3
Hawaii 22.6 Oregon 24.2
Idaho 24.5 Pennsylvania 27.7
Illinois 26.4 Rhode Island 21.5
Indiana 26.3 South Carolina 30.1
Iowa 26 South Dakota 27.5
Kansas 27.4 Tennessee 30.6
Kentucky 29.8 Texas 28.3
Louisiana 28.3 Utah 22.5
Maine 25.2 Vermont 22.7
Maryland 26 Virginia 25
Massachusetts 20.9 Washington 25.4
Michigan 28.9 West Virginia 31.2
Minnesota 24.3 Wisconsin 25.4
Mississippi 32.8 Wyoming 24.6
Missouri 28.5
• Construct a bar graph of obesity rates of your state and the four states closest to your state. Hint: Label the x-axis with the states.
• Use a random number generator to randomly pick 8 states. Construct a bar graph of the obesity rates of those 8 states.
• Construct a bar graph for all the states beginning with the letter "A."
• Construct a bar graph for all the states beginning with the letter "M."

Example solution for b using the random number generator for the Ti-84 Plus to generate a simple random sample of 8 states. Instructions are below.

• Number the entries in the table 1 - 51 (Includes Washington, DC; Numbered vertically)
• Press MATH
• Arrow over to PRB
• Press 5:randInt(
• Enter 51,1,8)
Eight numbers are generated (use the right arrow key to scroll through the numbers). The numbers correspond to the numbered states (for this example: {47 21 9 23 51 13 25 4}. If any numbers are repeated, generate a different number by using 5:randInt(51,1)). Here, the states (and Washington DC) are {Arkansas, Washington DC, Idaho, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Virginia, Wyoming}. Corresponding percents are {28.7 21.8 24.5 26 28.9 32.8 25 24.6}.

A music school has budgeted to purchase 3 musical instruments. They plan to purchase a piano costing $3000, a guitar costing$550, and a drum set costing $600. The average cost for a piano is$4,000 with a standard deviation of $2,500. The average cost for a guitar is$500 with a standard deviation of $200. The average cost for drums is$700 with a standard deviation of \$100. Which cost is the lowest, when compared to other instruments of the same type? Which cost is the highest when compared to other instruments of the same type. Justify your answer numerically.

For pianos, the cost of the piano is 0.4 standard deviations BELOW average. For guitars, the cost of the guitar is 0.25 standard deviations ABOVE average. For drums, the cost of the drum set is 1.0 standard deviations BELOW average. Of the three, the drums cost the lowest in comparison to the cost of other instruments of the same type. The guitar cost the most in comparison to the cost of other instruments of the same type.

Suppose that a publisher conducted a survey asking adult consumers the number of fiction paperback books they had purchased in the previous month. The results are summarized in the table below. (Note that this is the data presented for publisher B in homework exercise 13).

Publisher b
# of books Freq. Rel. Freq.
0 18
1 24
2 24
3 22
4 15
5 10
7 5
9 1
1. Are there any outliers in the data? Use an appropriate numerical test involving the IQR to identify outliers, if any, and clearly state your conclusion.
2. If a data value is identified as an outlier, what should be done about it?
3. Are any data values further than 2 standard deviations away from the mean? In some situations, statisticians may use this criteria to identify data values that are unusual, compared to the other data values. (Note that this criteria is most appropriate to use for data that is mound-shaped and symmetric, rather than for skewed data.)
4. Do parts (a) and (c) of this problem give the same answer?
5. Examine the shape of the data. Which part, (a) or (c), of this question gives a more appropriate result for this data?
6. Based on the shape of the data which is the most appropriate measure of center for this data: mean, median or mode?

• IQR = 4 – 1 = 3 ; Q1 – 1.5*IQR = 1 – 1.5(3) = -3.5 ; Q3 + 1.5*IQR = 4 + 1.5(3) = 8.5 ;The data value of 9 is larger than 8.5. The purchase of 9 books in one month is an outlier.
• The outlier should be investigated to see if there is an error or some other problem in the data; then a decision whether to include or exclude it should be made based on the particular situation. If it was a correct value then the data value should remain in the data set. If there is a problem with this data value, then it should be corrected or removed from the data. For example: If the data was recorded incorrectly (perhaps a 9 was miscoded and the correct value was 6) then the data should be corrected. If it was an error but the correct value is not known it should be removed from the data set.
• xbar – 2s = 2.45 – 2*1.88 = -1.31 ; xbar + 2s = 2.45 + 2*1.88 = 6.21 ; Using this method, the five data values of 7 books purchased and the one data value of 9 books purchased would be considered unusual.
• No: part (a) identifies only the value of 9 to be an outlier but part (c) identifies both 7 and 9.
• The data is skewed (to the right). It would be more appropriate to use the method involving the IQR in part (a), identifying only the one value of 9 books purchased as an outlier. Note that part (c) remarks that identifying unusual data values by using the criteria of being further than 2 standard deviations away from the mean is most appropriate when the data are mound-shaped and symmetric.
• The data are skewed to the right. For skewed data it is more appropriate to use the median as a measure of center.

**Exercises 32 and 33 contributed by Roberta Bloom

where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
nanopartical of organic/inorganic / physical chemistry , pdf / thesis / review
Ali
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
learn
da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
hey
Giriraj
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
ya I also want to know the raman spectra
Bhagvanji
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
nanocopper obvius
Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
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