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( a + b ) ( c + d ) = a c + a d + b c + b d

This method is commonly called the FOIL method .

  • F First terms
  • O Outer terms
  • I Inner terms
  • L Last terms

( a + b ) ( 2 + 3 ) = ( a + b ) + ( a + b ) 2 terms + ( a + b ) + ( a + b ) + ( a + b ) 3 terms

Rearranging,

= a + a + b + b + a + a + a + b + b + b = 2 a + 2 b + 3 a + 3 b

Combining like terms,

= 5 a + 5 b

This use of the distributive property suggests the following rule.

Multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial

To multiply two polynomials together, multiply every term of one polynomial by every term of the other polynomial.

Sample set c

Perform the following multiplications and simplify.

With some practice, the second and third terms can be combined mentally.

( m 3 ) 2 = ( m 3 ) ( m 3 ) = m m + m ( 3 ) 3 m 3 ( 3 ) = m 2 3 m 3 m + 9 = m 2 6 m + 9

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( x + 5 ) 3 = ( x + 5 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 5 ) Associate the first two factors . = [ ( x + 5 ) ( x + 5 ) ] ( x + 5 ) = [ x 2 + 5 x + 5 x + 25 ] ( x + 5 ) = [ x 2 + 10 x + 25 ] ( x + 5 ) = x 2 x + x 2 5 + 10 x x + 10 x 5 + 25 x + 25 5 = x 3 + 5 x 2 + 10 x 2 + 50 x + 25 x + 125 = x 3 + 15 x 2 + 75 x + 125

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Practice set c

Find the following products and simplify.

( a + 1 ) ( a + 4 )

a 2 + 5 a + 4

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( m 9 ) ( m 2 )

m 2 11 m + 18

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( 2 x + 4 ) ( x + 5 )

2 x 2 + 14 x + 20

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( x + y ) ( 2 x 3 y )

2 x 2 x y 3 y 2

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( 3 a 2 1 ) ( 5 a 2 + a )

15 a 4 + 3 a 3 5 a 2 a

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( 2 x 2 y 3 + x y 2 ) ( 5 x 3 y 2 + x 2 y )

10 x 5 y + 5 7 x 4 y 4 + x 3 y 3

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( a + 3 ) ( a 2 + 3 a + 6 )

a 3 + 6 a 2 + 15 a + 18

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( a + 4 ) ( a + 4 )

a 2 + 8 a + 16

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( r 7 ) ( r 7 )

r 2 14 r + 49

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( x + 6 ) 2

x 2 + 12 x + 36

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( y 8 ) 2

y 2 16 y + 64

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Sample set d

Perform the following additions and subtractions.

3 x + 7 + ( x 3 ) . We must first remove the parentheses . They are preceded by a " + " sign, so we remove them and leave the sign of each term the same . 3 x + 7 + x 3 Combine like terms . 4 x + 4

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5 y 3 + 11 ( 12 y 3 2 ) . We first remove the parentheses . They are preceded by a "-" sign, so we remove them and change the sign of each term inside them . 5 y 3 + 11 12 y 3 + 2 Combine like terms . 7 y 3 + 13

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Add 4 x 2 + 2 x 8 to 3 x 2 7 x 10 .

( 4 x 2 + 2 x 8 ) + ( 3 x 2 7 x 10 ) 4 x 2 + 2 x 8 + 3 x 2 7 x 10 7 x 2 5 x 18

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Subtract 8 x 2 5 x + 2 from 3 x 2 + x 12 .

( 3 x 2 + x 12 ) ( 8 x 2 5 x + 2 ) 3 x 2 + x 12 8 x 2 + 5 x 2 5 x 2 + 6 x 14

Be very careful not to write this problem as

3 x 2 + x 12 8 x 2 5 x + 2

This form has us subtracting only the very first term, 8 x 2 , rather than the entire expression. Use parentheses.
Another incorrect form is

8 x 2 5 x + 2 ( 3 x 2 + x 12 )

This form has us performing the subtraction in the wrong order.

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Practice set d

Perform the following additions and subtractions.

6 y 2 + 2 y 1 + ( 5 y 2 18 )

11 y 2 + 2 y 19

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( 9 m n ) ( 10 m + 12 n )

m 13 n

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Add 2 r 2 + 4 r 1 to 3 r 2 r 7 .

5 r 2 + 3 r 8

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Subtract 4 s 3 from 7 s + 8 .

3 s + 11

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Exercises

For the following problems, perform the multiplications and combine any like terms.

5 ( a 6 )

5 a 30

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9 ( 4 y 3 )

36 y 27

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9 ( a + 7 )

9 a 63

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4 ( x + 2 )

4 x 8

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3 ( a 6 )

3 a + 18

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5 ( 2 a + 1 )

10 a 5

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3 ( 10 y 6 )

30 y + 18

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m ( m 4 )

m 2 4 m

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3 x ( x + 2 )

3 x 2 + 6 x

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6 a ( a 5 )

6 a 2 30 a

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3 x ( 5 x + 4 )

15 x 2 + 12 x

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2 b ( b 1 )

2 b 2 2 b

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3 x 2 ( 5 x 2 + 4 )

15 x 4 + 12 x 2

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4 a 4 ( 5 a 3 + 3 a 2 + 2 a )

20 a 7 + 12 a 6 + 8 a 5

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2 x 4 ( 6 x 3 5 x 2 2 x + 3 )

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5 x 2 ( x + 2 )

5 x 3 10 x 2

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2 x 2 y ( 3 x 2 y 2 6 x )

6 x 4 y 3 12 x 3 y

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8 a 3 b 2 c ( 2 a b 3 + 3 b )

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b 5 x 2 ( 2 b x 11 )

2 b 6 x 3 11 b 5 x 2

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4 x ( 3 x 2 6 x + 10 )

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9 y 3 ( 2 y 4 3 y 3 + 8 y 2 + y 6 )

18 y 7 27 y 6 + 72 y 5 + 9 y 4 54 y 3

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a 2 b 3 ( 6 a b 4 + 5 a b 3 8 b 2 + 7 b 2 )

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( a + 4 ) ( a + 2 )

a 2 + 6 a + 8

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( y + 6 ) ( y 3 )

y 2 + 3 y 18

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( i 3 ) ( i + 5 )

i 2 + 2 i 15

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( 3 a 1 ) ( 2 a 6 )

6 a 2 20 a + 6

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( 5 a 2 ) ( 6 a 8 )

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( 6 y + 11 ) ( 3 y + 10 )

18 y 2 + 93 y + 110

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( 4 + x ) ( 3 x )

x 2 x + 12

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( x 2 + 2 ) ( x + 1 )

x 3 + x 2 + 2 x + 2

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( 3 x 2 5 ) ( 2 x 2 + 1 )

6 x 4 7 x 2 5

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( 4 a 2 b 3 2 a ) ( 5 a 2 b 3 b )

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( 6 x 3 y 4 + 6 x ) ( 2 x 2 y 3 + 5 y )

12 x 5 y 7 + 30 x 3 y 5 + 12 x 3 y 3 + 30 x y

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5 ( x 7 ) ( x 3 )

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4 ( a + 1 ) ( a 8 )

4 a 2 28 a 32

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x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 )

x 3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x

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y 3 ( y 3 ) ( y 2 )

y 5 5 y 4 + 6 y 3

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2 a 2 ( a + 4 ) ( a + 3 )

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5 y 6 ( y + 7 ) ( y + 1 )

5 y 8 + 40 y 7 + 35 y 6

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a b 2 ( a 2 2 b ) ( a + b 4 )

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x 3 y 2 ( 5 x 2 y 2 3 ) ( 2 x y 1 )

10 x 6 y 5 5 x 5 y 4 6 x 4 y 3 + 3 x 3 y 2

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8 ( c 3 + 5 c + 11 )

8 c 3 + 40 c + 88

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3 a 2 ( 2 a 3 10 a 2 4 a + 9 )

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6 a 3 b 3 ( 4 a 2 b 6 + 7 a b 8 + 2 b 10 + 14 )

24 a 5 b 9 + 42 a 4 b 11 + 12 a 3 b 13 + 18 a 3 b 3

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( a 4 ) ( a 2 + a 5 )

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( x 7 ) ( x 2 + x 3 )

x 3 6 x 2 10 x + 21

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( 2 x + 1 ) ( 5 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 8 )

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( 7 a 2 + 2 ) ( 3 a 5 4 a 3 a 1 )

21 a 7 22 a 5 15 a 3 7 a 2 2 a 2

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( x + y ) ( 2 x 2 + 3 x y + 5 y 2 )

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( 2 a + b ) ( 5 a 2 + 4 a 2 b b 4 )

10 a 3 + 8 a 3 b + 4 a 2 b 2 + 5 a 2 b b 2 8 a 4 b 2 a b

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( x + 1 ) 2

x 2 + 2 x + 1

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( a + 2 ) 2

a 2 + 4 a + 4

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( 3 x 5 ) 2

9 x 2 + 30 x 25

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For the following problems, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms.

3 x 2 + 5 x 2 + ( 4 x 2 10 x 5 )

7 x 2 5 x 7

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2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 5 x 8 + ( x 3 3 x 2 11 x + 1 )

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5 x 12 x y + 4 y 2 + ( 7 x + 7 x y 2 y 2 )

2 y 2 5 x y 12 x

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( 6 a 2 3 a + 7 ) 4 a 2 + 2 a 8

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( 5 x 2 24 x 15 ) + x 2 9 x + 14

6 x 2 33 x 1

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( 3 x 3 7 x 2 + 2 ) + ( x 3 + 6 )

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( 9 a 2 b 3 a b + 12 a b 2 ) + a b 2 + 2 a b

9 a 2 b + 13 a b 2 a b

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6 x 2 12 x + ( 4 x 2 3 x 1 ) + 4 x 2 10 x 4

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5 a 3 2 a 26 + ( 4 a 3 11 a 2 + 2 a ) 7 a + 8 a 3 + 20

17 a 3 11 a 2 7 a 6

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2 x y 15 ( 5 x y + 4 )

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Add 4 x + 6 to 8 x 15 .

12 x 9

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Add 5 y 2 5 y + 1 to 9 y 2 + 4 y 2 .

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Add 3 ( x + 6 ) to 4 ( x 7 ) .

7 x 10

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Add 2 ( x 2 4 ) to 5 ( x 2 + 3 x 1 ) .

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Add four times 5 x + 2 to three times 2 x 1 .

26 x + 5

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Add five times 3 x + 2 to seven times 4 x + 3 .

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Add 4 times 9 x + 6 to 2 times 8 x 3 .

20 x 18

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Subtract 6 x 2 10 x + 4 from 3 x 2 2 x + 5 .

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Substract a 2 16 from a 2 16 .

0

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Exercises for review

( [link] ) Simplify ( 15 x 2 y 6 5 x y 2 ) 4 .

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( [link] ) Express the number 198,000 using scientific notation.

1.98 × 10 5

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( [link] ) How many 4 a 2 x 3 ' s are there in 16 a 4 x 5 ?

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( [link] ) State the degree of the polynomial 4 x y 3 + 3 x 5 y 5 x 3 y 3 , and write the numerical coefficient of each term.

degree is 6 ; 4 , 3 , 5

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( [link] ) Simplify 3 ( 4 x 5 ) + 2 ( 5 x 2 ) ( x 3 ) .

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Questions & Answers

the diagram of the digestive system
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They formed in two ways first when one sperm and one egg are splited by mitosis or two sperm and two eggs join together
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Genetics is the study of heredity
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the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
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the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environment.
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list any five characteristics of the blood cells
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advantage of electronic microscope is easily and clearly while disadvantage is dangerous because its electronic. advantage of light microscope is savely and naturally by sun while disadvantage is not easily,means its not sharp and not clear
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is like gone fail us
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cells is the basic structure and functions of all living things
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is organisms that are similar into groups called tara
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is ideal for situations requiring high-resolution imaging of surfaces. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and geology to examine the topography and composition of samples at a nanoscale level. SEM is particularly useful for studying fine details,
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Diversity of living thing
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Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is a fundamental process in all living organisms and is essential for growth, development, and reproduction. Cell division can occur through either mitosis or meiosis.
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary algebra. OpenStax CNX. May 08, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10614/1.3
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