# 5.2 Right triangle trigonometry  (Page 7/12)

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A 23-ft ladder leans against a building so that the angle between the ground and the ladder is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}80°.\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ How high does the ladder reach up the side of the building?

22.6506 ft

The angle of elevation to the top of a building in New York is found to be 9 degrees from the ground at a distance of 1 mile from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building.

The angle of elevation to the top of a building in Seattle is found to be 2 degrees from the ground at a distance of 2 miles from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building.

368.7633 ft

Assuming that a 370-foot tall giant redwood grows vertically, if I walk a certain distance from the tree and measure the angle of elevation to the top of the tree to be $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}60°,$ how far from the base of the tree am I?

## Angles

For the following exercises, convert the angle measures to degrees.

$45°$

$-\frac{5\pi }{3}$

For the following exercises, convert the angle measures to radians.

-210°

$-\frac{7\pi }{6}$

180°

Find the length of an arc in a circle of radius 7 meters subtended by the central angle of 85°.

10.385 meters

Find the area of the sector of a circle with diameter 32 feet and an angle of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{3\pi }{5}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ radians.

For the following exercises, find the angle between 0° and 360° that is coterminal with the given angle.

$420°$

$60°$

$-80°$

For the following exercises, find the angle between 0 and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}2\pi \text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ in radians that is coterminal with the given angle.

$-\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{20\pi }{11}$

$\frac{2\pi }{11}$

$\frac{14\pi }{5}$

For the following exercises, draw the angle provided in standard position on the Cartesian plane.

-210°

75°

$\frac{5\pi }{4}$

$-\frac{\pi }{3}$

Find the linear speed of a point on the equator of the earth if the earth has a radius of 3,960 miles and the earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours. Express answer in miles per hour.

1036.73 miles per hour

A car wheel with a diameter of 18 inches spins at the rate of 10 revolutions per second. What is the car's speed in miles per hour?

## Unit Circle: Sine and Cosine Functions

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{3}.$

$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{4}.$

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\pi .$

–1

State the reference angle for $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}300°.$

State the reference angle for $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{3\pi }{4}.$

$\frac{\pi }{4}$

Compute cosine of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}330°.$

Compute sine of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{5\pi }{4}.$

$-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$

State the domain of the sine and cosine functions.

State the range of the sine and cosine functions.

$\left[–1,1\right]$

## The Other Trigonometric Functions

For the following exercises, find the exact value of the given expression.

$\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{6}$

$\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{4}$

1

$\mathrm{csc}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{3}$

$\mathrm{sec}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{4}$

$\sqrt{2}$

For the following exercises, use reference angles to evaluate the given expression.

$\mathrm{sec}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{11\pi }{3}$

$\mathrm{sec}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}315°$

$\sqrt{2}$

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sec}\left(t\right)=-2.5\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ , what is the $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{sec}\left(-t\right)?$

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{tan}\left(t\right)=-0.6,$ what is the $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{tan}\left(-t\right)?$

0.6

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{tan}\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{3},$ find $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{tan}\left(t-\pi \right).$

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{cos}\left(t\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},$ find $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{sin}\left(t+2\pi \right).$

$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ or $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$

Which trigonometric functions are even?

Which trigonometric functions are odd?

sine, cosecant, tangent, cotangent

## Right Triangle Trigonometry

For the following exercises, use side lengths to evaluate.

$\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{4}$

$\mathrm{cot}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{3}$

$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$

$\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{6}$

$\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\pi }{2}\right)=\mathrm{sin}\left(\text{__°}\right)$

0

$\mathrm{csc}\left(18\text{°}\right)=\mathrm{sec}\left(\text{__°}\right)$

For the following exercises, use the given information to find the lengths of the other two sides of the right triangle.

$\mathrm{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}B=\frac{3}{5},a=6$

$b=8,c=10$

$\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}A=\frac{5}{9},b=6$

For the following exercises, use [link] to evaluate each trigonometric function.

$\mathrm{sin}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}A$

$\frac{11\sqrt{157}}{157}$

$\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}B$

For the following exercises, solve for the unknown sides of the given triangle.

A 15-ft ladder leans against a building so that the angle between the ground and the ladder is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}70°.\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ How high does the ladder reach up the side of the building?

14.0954 ft

The angle of elevation to the top of a building in Baltimore is found to be 4 degrees from the ground at a distance of 1 mile from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building.

## Practice test

Convert $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{5\pi }{6}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ radians to degrees.

$150°$

Convert $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}-620°\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ to radians.

Find the length of a circular arc with a radius 12 centimeters subtended by the central angle of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}30°.$

6.283 centimeters

Find the area of the sector with radius of 8 feet and an angle of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{5\pi }{4}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ radians.

Find the angle between $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}0°\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{360°}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ that is coterminal with $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}375°.$

$15°$

Find the angle between 0 and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}2\pi \text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ in radians that is coterminal with $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}-\frac{4\pi }{7}.$

Draw the angle $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}315°\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ in standard position on the Cartesian plane.

Draw the angle $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}-\frac{\pi }{6}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ in standard position on the Cartesian plane.

A carnival has a Ferris wheel with a diameter of 80 feet. The time for the Ferris wheel to make one revolution is 75 seconds. What is the linear speed in feet per second of a point on the Ferris wheel? What is the angular speed in radians per second?

3.351 feet per second, $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{2\pi }{75}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ radians per second

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{sin}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{6}.$

Compute sine of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}240°.$

$-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

State the domain of the sine and cosine functions.

State the range of the sine and cosine functions.

$\left[–1,1\right]$

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cot}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{4}.$

Find the exact value of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{\pi }{3}.$

$\sqrt{3}$

Use reference angles to evaluate $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{csc}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\frac{7\pi }{4}.$

Use reference angles to evaluate $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{tan}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}210°.$

$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{csc}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}t=0.68,$ what is the $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{csc}\left(-t\right)?$

If $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{cos}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{t}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},$ find $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{cos}\left(t-2\pi \right).$

$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Which trigonometric functions are even?

Find the missing angle: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\pi }{6}\right)=\mathrm{sin}\left(___\right)$

$\frac{\pi }{3}$

Find the missing sides of the triangle $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}ABC:\mathrm{sin}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}B=\frac{3}{4},c=12$

Find the missing sides of the triangle.

$a=\frac{9}{2},b=\frac{9\sqrt{3}}{2}$

The angle of elevation to the top of a building in Chicago is found to be 9 degrees from the ground at a distance of 2000 feet from the base of the building. Using this information, find the height of the building.

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