# 3.3 Power functions and polynomial functions  (Page 8/19)

 Page 8 / 19

$f\left(t\right)=2\left(t-1\right)\left(t+2\right)\left(t-3\right)$

y -intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,12\right),\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ t -intercepts are

$g\left(n\right)=-2\left(3n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{4}-16$

y -intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,-16\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ x -intercepts are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(2,0\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-2,0\right).$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}+27$

$f\left(x\right)=x\left({x}^{2}-2x-8\right)$

y -intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ x -intercepts are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,0\right),\left(4,0\right),\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and

$f\left(x\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(4{x}^{2}-1\right)$

## Graphical

For the following exercises, determine the least possible degree of the polynomial function shown.

3

5

3

5

For the following exercises, determine whether the graph of the function provided is a graph of a polynomial function. If so, determine the number of turning points and the least possible degree for the function.

Yes. Number of turning points is 2. Least possible degree is 3.

Yes. Number of turning points is 1. Least possible degree is 2.

Yes. Number of turning points is 0. Least possible degree is 1.

No.

Yes. Number of turning points is 0. Least possible degree is 1.

## Numeric

For the following exercises, make a table to confirm the end behavior of the function.

$f\left(x\right)=-{x}^{3}$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{4}-5{x}^{2}$

$x$ $f\left(x\right)$
10 9,500
100 99,950,000
–10 9,500
–100 99,950,000

$\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{2}{\left(1-x\right)}^{2}$

$f\left(x\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(3-x\right)$

$x$ $f\left(x\right)$
10 –504
100 –941,094
–10 1,716
–100 1,061,106

$\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty$

$f\left(x\right)=\frac{{x}^{5}}{10}-{x}^{4}$

## Technology

For the following exercises, graph the polynomial functions using a calculator. Based on the graph, determine the intercepts and the end behavior.

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}\left(x-2\right)$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{-}$ intercept is The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercepts are $\text{As}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)=x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)$

$f\left(x\right)=x\left(14-2x\right)\left(10-2x\right)$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{-}$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,0\right)$ . The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercepts are $\text{As}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)=x\left(14-2x\right){\left(10-2x\right)}^{2}$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}-16x$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{-}$ intercept is The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercept is $As\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}-27$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{4}-81$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{-}$ intercept is The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercept are $\text{As}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)=-{x}^{3}+{x}^{2}+2x$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}-2{x}^{2}-15x$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y\text{-}$ intercept is The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercepts are $\text{As}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}-0.01x$

## Extensions

For the following exercises, use the information about the graph of a polynomial function to determine the function. Assume the leading coefficient is 1 or –1. There may be more than one correct answer.

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,-4\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x-$ intercepts are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-2,0\right),\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(2,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ Degree is 2.

End behavior: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty .$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{2}-4$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,9\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{-}$ intercepts are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-3,0\right),\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(3,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ Degree is 2.

End behavior: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty .$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x-$ intercepts are $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,0\right),\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(2,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ Degree is 3.

End behavior: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty .$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{3}-4{x}^{2}+4x$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,1\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(1,0\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ Degree is 3.

End behavior: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to -\infty .$

The $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}y-$ intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,1\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ There is no $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x-$ intercept. Degree is 4.

End behavior: $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to -\infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{as}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\to \infty ,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}f\left(x\right)\to \infty .$

$f\left(x\right)={x}^{4}+1$

## Real-world applications

For the following exercises, use the written statements to construct a polynomial function that represents the required information.

An oil slick is expanding as a circle. The radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 20 meters per day. Express the area of the circle as a function of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}d,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ the number of days elapsed.

A cube has an edge of 3 feet. The edge is increasing at the rate of 2 feet per minute. Express the volume of the cube as a function of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}m,\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ the number of minutes elapsed.

$V\left(m\right)=8{m}^{3}+36{m}^{2}+54m+27$

A rectangle has a length of 10 inches and a width of 6 inches. If the length is increased by $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ inches and the width increased by twice that amount, express the area of the rectangle as a function of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x.$

An open box is to be constructed by cutting out square corners of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x-$ inch sides from a piece of cardboard 8 inches by 8 inches and then folding up the sides. Express the volume of the box as a function of $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}x.$

$V\left(x\right)=4{x}^{3}-32{x}^{2}+64x$

A rectangle is twice as long as it is wide. Squares of side 2 feet are cut out from each corner. Then the sides are folded up to make an open box. Express the volume of the box as a function of the width ( $x$ ).

So a horizontal compression by factor of 1/2 is the same as a horizontal stretch by a factor of 2, right?
The center is at (3,4) a focus is at (3,-1), and the lenght of the major axis is 26
The center is at (3,4) a focus is at (3,-1) and the lenght of the major axis is 26 what will be the answer?
Rima
I done know
Joe
What kind of answer is that😑?
Rima
I had just woken up when i got this message
Joe
Rima
i have a question.
Abdul
how do you find the real and complex roots of a polynomial?
Abdul
@abdul with delta maybe which is b(square)-4ac=result then the 1st root -b-radical delta over 2a and the 2nd root -b+radical delta over 2a. I am not sure if this was your question but check it up
Nare
This is the actual question: Find all roots(real and complex) of the polynomial f(x)=6x^3 + x^2 - 4x + 1
Abdul
@Nare please let me know if you can solve it.
Abdul
I have a question
juweeriya
hello guys I'm new here? will you happy with me
mustapha
The average annual population increase of a pack of wolves is 25.
how do you find the period of a sine graph
Period =2π if there is a coefficient (b), just divide the coefficient by 2π to get the new period
Am
if not then how would I find it from a graph
Imani
by looking at the graph, find the distance between two consecutive maximum points (the highest points of the wave). so if the top of one wave is at point A (1,2) and the next top of the wave is at point B (6,2), then the period is 5, the difference of the x-coordinates.
Am
you could also do it with two consecutive minimum points or x-intercepts
Am
I will try that thank u
Imani
Case of Equilateral Hyperbola
ok
Zander
ok
Shella
f(x)=4x+2, find f(3)
Benetta
f(3)=4(3)+2 f(3)=14
lamoussa
14
Vedant
pre calc teacher: "Plug in Plug in...smell's good" f(x)=14
Devante
8x=40
Chris
Explain why log a x is not defined for a < 0
the sum of any two linear polynomial is what
Momo
how can are find the domain and range of a relations
the range is twice of the natural number which is the domain
Morolake
A cell phone company offers two plans for minutes. Plan A: $15 per month and$2 for every 300 texts. Plan B: $25 per month and$0.50 for every 100 texts. How many texts would you need to send per month for plan B to save you money?
6000
Robert
more than 6000
Robert
For Plan A to reach $27/month to surpass Plan B's$26.50 monthly payment, you'll need 3,000 texts which will cost an additional \$10.00. So, for the amount of texts you need to send would need to range between 1-100 texts for the 100th increment, times that by 3 for the additional amount of texts...
Gilbert
...for one text payment for 300 for Plan A. So, that means Plan A; in my opinion is for people with text messaging abilities that their fingers burn the monitor for the cell phone. While Plan B would be for loners that doesn't need their fingers to due the talking; but those texts mean more then...
Gilbert
can I see the picture
How would you find if a radical function is one to one?
how to understand calculus?
with doing calculus
SLIMANE
Thanks po.
Jenica
Hey I am new to precalculus, and wanted clarification please on what sine is as I am floored by the terms in this app? I don't mean to sound stupid but I have only completed up to college algebra.
I don't know if you are looking for a deeper answer or not, but the sine of an angle in a right triangle is the length of the opposite side to the angle in question divided by the length of the hypotenuse of said triangle.
Marco
can you give me sir tips to quickly understand precalculus. Im new too in that topic. Thanks
Jenica
if you remember sine, cosine, and tangent from geometry, all the relationships are the same but they use x y and r instead (x is adjacent, y is opposite, and r is hypotenuse).
Natalie
it is better to use unit circle than triangle .triangle is only used for acute angles but you can begin with. Download any application named"unit circle" you find in it all you need. unit circle is a circle centred at origine (0;0) with radius r= 1.
SLIMANE
What is domain
johnphilip
the standard equation of the ellipse that has vertices (0,-4)&(0,4) and foci (0, -15)&(0,15) it's standard equation is x^2 + y^2/16 =1 tell my why is it only x^2? why is there no a^2?