# 0.3 Spatial frequency

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#### Problems with temporal frequency analysis

We are accustomed to measuring frequency in terms of (1/seconds), or Hz. Sometimes we may even measure frequency in rad/sec, which is often called angular frequency. More information about temporal frequency can be found here . The reason we often use frequency domain techniques is because it allows for filtering of noise and various signals. If were just interested in listening to a particular tone, say a 500 Hz sine wave, it would be easy to just tune in to that one frequency, we would just bandpass filter out all the other noise. However, when we do this we get no information about where the signal is coming from. So, even though we could easily ignore noise, we could not steer our array to just listen in one direction. It would be more like giving it'selective hearing.'It hears what it wants to, which in this case would be signals at 500 Hz.

#### Nature of waves

As Dr. Wilson discusses in his modules on waves propagating down a transmission line, waves carry two forms information in two domains. These domains are the time and space domains, because the wave equation is usually written in terms of s(x,t) because it propagates in space at a particular time, and if one looks at standing wave at a particular point in space, one should notice that it still moves up and down in a similar manner. An example of this illustrated below. So, if we only look at the temporal frequency component, we are missing out on half the information being transmitted in the propagating signal! If we really want to be able to steer our array in a direction, then we need to analyze the spatial frequency components.

#### Introduction to spatial frequency

While we were investigating the time domain, we were able to accomplish such operations as filtering by taking $2\pi$ / $T$ , where T is the period of the signal, to get the temporal frequency denotated $\omega$ . We can use similar reasoning to obtain k, the wavenumber, which is the measure of spatial frequency. Instead of using the period of the signal, we now use the wavelength, which is the spatial equivalent to the period. This makes sense, because a period is the length of time it takes to complete one cycle, whereas the wavelength is the amount of distance the wave covers in one cycle. We there are able to change the temporal frequency equation $\omega$ = $2\pi$ / T into k = $2\pi$ / $\lambda$ .

Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
hi
Loga
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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