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Ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe

Graad 9

Volhoubare groei en ontwikkeling

Module 11

Produktiwiteit

Produktiwiteit kan beskryf word as die hoeveelheid goedere en dienste wat per werker, per uur geproduseer word. Anders gestel beteken dit die verhouding tussen reële produksie en die aantal insette wat vir die vervaardiging gebruik word , byvoorbeeld as die uitset (aantal eenhede geproduseer) met 10% styg, terwyl die inset (werkure) dieselfde bly, dan het die produktiwiteit van arbeid toegeneem.

Daar is 'n belangrike verband tussen produktiwiteit en ekonomiese groei, in die sin dat 'n verbetering in produktiwiteit altyd 'n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese groei is.

Ten einde produktiwiteit en die invloed wat dit op ekonomiese groei het beter te verstaan, is dit van belang dat daar tussen die volgende twee begrippe onderskei word;

1. EKSTENSIEWE EKONOMIESE GROEI: Dit is 'n uitbreiding in die totale produksie van goedere en dienste ongeag of daar 'n toename in die produksie per persoon was. Hiervolgens is dit moontlik dat ekstensiewe groei ondervind kan word selfs al was daar geen toename in die produksie per persoon nie.

2. INTENSIEWE EKONOMIESE GROEI is 'n toename in die produksie per persoon (of per capita). Wanneer intensiewe ekonomiese groei ondervind word, neem totale produksie vinniger toe as die toename in die bevolking. Per capita produksie (of inkome) is dus 'n aanduider vir ekonomiese groei.

Indien 'n gemeenskap se produksie van goedere en dienste vinniger uitbrei as die groei in die bevolking, sal reële per capita inkome styg. Dit beteken in die algemeen dat die ekonomiese welvaart van die bevolking sal toeneem, wat intensiewe ekonomiese groei reflekteer.

D.w.s.: groei in produksie grotes toename in bevolking, lei tot:

  • styging in reële per capita inkome
  • wat lei tot toename in ekonomiese groei
  • en ook ekonomiese welvaart

Omgekeerd sal reële per capita inkome daal, indien die toename in die bevolking groter is as die groei in produksie. Ekonomiese agteruitgang, wat die teenoorgestelde van intensiewe groei is, sal gevolglik ontstaan.

D.w.s.: groei in produksie kleiner as toename in bevolking, lei tot

  • daling in reële per capita inkome
  • wat lei tot ekonomiese agteruitgang
  • en daling in ekonomiese welvaart (styging in armoede)

Verhoogde produktiwiteit lei daartoe dat 'n land se produkte meer mededingend word op internasionale markte, wat tot groter uitvoere aanleiding kan gee. Die rede is dat verhoogde produktiwiteit loonverhogings sal absorbeer, wat dit vir sakeondernemings moontlik maak om die pryse van hul produkte stabiel te hou.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Produktiwiteit van arbeid

[lu 2.4]

Groep:

  • Identifiseer TIEN faktore wat die produktiwiteit van arbeid kan verbeter. Verduidelik elkeen volledig.
  • Voorsien voorlegging wat ook vir voordrag aan die klas gebruik kan word. Skryf jou voorlegging op ‘n folio en na die klasbespreking, skryf die opsomming hieronder neer.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Arbeidsproduktiwiteit in suid-afrika

[lu 2.4]

Groep:

  • Dink julle dat die produktiwiteit van arbeid in Suid-Afrika op sodanige standaard is dat daar effektief op die internasionale mark meegeding kan word? Motiveer jul antwoord sodat standpunte in die klas gedebatteer kan word. Skryf jou eie opsomming hieronder neer.
  • Gwartney, James D ECONOMICS, Private and Public Choice, Sixth Edition
  • Stroup, Richard L The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Orlando, 1992

Assessering

Leeruitkomstes(LUs)
LU 2
VOLHOUBARE GROEI EN ONTWIKKELINGDie leerder is in staat om begrip van volhoubare groei, heropbou en ontwikkeling te toon en om krities oor die verwante prosesse na te dink.
Assesseringstandaarde(ASe)
Dit is duidelik as die leerder:
2.1 kan bespreek hoe die nasionale begroting en streek- asook internasionale ooreenkomste gebruik word om volhoubare groei en ontwikkeling te fasiliteer;
2.2 die suksesse en tekortkominge van die HOP kan ondersoek en dabateer;
2.3 die rol van besparings en beleggings in ekonomiese vooruitgang en groei kan verduidelik;
2.4 produktiwiteit en die uitwerking daarvan op ekonomiese vooruitgang, groei en wêreld- mededinging kan bespreek.

Memorandum

Produktiwiteit

AKTIWITEIT 1: PRODUKTIWITEIT VAN ARBEID

GROEP:

  • Faktore wat die produktiwiteit van arbeid kan verbeter (die begrippe moet behoorlik omskryf en verduidelik word): 1. Klimaat 6. Gesondheid en krag 2. Eie kultuur 7. Intelligensie 3. Besoldiging of loon 8. Opleiding en onderwys 4. Werkure 9. Sosiale gesindheid 5. Werktoestande 10. Organisasie van arbeid

AKTIWITEIT 2: ARBEIDSPRODUKTIWITEIT IN SUID-AFRIKA

GROEP:

  • Laat groepe hul standpunt stel met betrekking tot die stand van arbeidsproduktiwiteit in Suid-Afrika. Let veral op situasies in die eie omgewing waar ondernemers nie effektief optree nie, en waar werknemers nie maksimum insette lewer tot voordeel van hul werkgewer nie.

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Source:  OpenStax, Ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11073/1.1
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