# 29.8 The particle-wave duality reviewed  (Page 3/3)

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## Problems&Exercises

Integrated Concepts

The 54.0-eV electron in [link] has a 0.167-nm wavelength. If such electrons are passed through a double slit and have their first maximum at an angle of $\text{25}\text{.}0º$ , what is the slit separation $d$ ?

0.395 nm

Integrated Concepts

An electron microscope produces electrons with a 2.00-pm wavelength. If these are passed through a 1.00-nm single slit, at what angle will the first diffraction minimum be found?

Integrated Concepts

A certain heat lamp emits 200 W of mostly IR radiation averaging 1500 nm in wavelength. (a) What is the average photon energy in joules? (b) How many of these photons are required to increase the temperature of a person’s shoulder by $2\text{.}0º\text{C}$ , assuming the affected mass is 4.0 kg with a specific heat of $0\text{.83 kcal}\text{/kg}\cdot \text{ºC}$ . Also assume no other significant heat transfer. (c) How long does this take?

(a) $1.3×{\text{10}}^{-\text{19}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{J}$

(b) $2\text{.}1×{\text{10}}^{\text{23}}$

(c) $1\text{.}4×{\text{10}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{s}$

Integrated Concepts

On its high power setting, a microwave oven produces 900 W of 2560 MHz microwaves. (a) How many photons per second is this? (b) How many photons are required to increase the temperature of a 0.500-kg mass of pasta by $\text{45}\text{.}0º\text{C}$ , assuming a specific heat of $0\text{.}\text{900 kcal/kg}\cdot \text{ºC}$ ? Neglect all other heat transfer. (c) How long must the microwave operator wait for their pasta to be ready?

Integrated Concepts

(a) Calculate the amount of microwave energy in joules needed to raise the temperature of 1.00 kg of soup from $\text{20}\text{.}0º\text{C}$ to $\text{100}\text{ºC}$ . (b) What is the total momentum of all the microwave photons it takes to do this? (c) Calculate the velocity of a 1.00-kg mass with the same momentum. (d) What is the kinetic energy of this mass?

(a) $3\text{.}\text{35}×{\text{10}}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{J}$

(b) $1\text{.}\text{12}×{\text{10}}^{\text{–3}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{kg}\cdot \text{m/s}$

(c) $1\text{.}\text{12}×{\text{10}}^{\text{–3}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{m/s}$

(d) $6.23×{\text{10}}^{\text{–7}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{J}$

Integrated Concepts

(a) What is $\gamma$ for an electron emerging from the Stanford Linear Accelerator with a total energy of 50.0 GeV? (b) Find its momentum. (c) What is the electron’s wavelength?

Integrated Concepts

(a) What is $\gamma$ for a proton having an energy of 1.00 TeV, produced by the Fermilab accelerator? (b) Find its momentum. (c) What is the proton’s wavelength?

(a) $1\text{.}\text{06}×{\text{10}}^{3}$

(b) $5\text{.}\text{33}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{16}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{kg}\cdot \text{m/s}$

(c) $1\text{.}\text{24}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{18}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{m}$

Integrated Concepts

An electron microscope passes 1.00-pm-wavelength electrons through a circular aperture $2\text{.}\text{00 μm}$ in diameter. What is the angle between two just-resolvable point sources for this microscope?

Integrated Concepts

(a) Calculate the velocity of electrons that form the same pattern as 450-nm light when passed through a double slit. (b) Calculate the kinetic energy of each and compare them. (c) Would either be easier to generate than the other? Explain.

(a) $1\text{.}\text{62}×{\text{10}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{m/s}$

(b) $4\text{.}\text{42}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{19}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{J}$ for photon, $1\text{.}\text{19}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{24}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{J}$ for electron, photon energy is $3\text{.}\text{71}×{\text{10}}^{5}$ times greater

(c) The light is easier to make because 450-nm light is blue light and therefore easy to make. Creating electrons with $7.43 \mu eV$ of energy would not be difficult, but would require a vacuum.

Integrated Concepts

(a) What is the separation between double slits that produces a second-order minimum at $\text{45}\text{.}0º$ for 650-nm light? (b) What slit separation is needed to produce the same pattern for 1.00-keV protons.

(a) $2\text{.}\text{30}×{\text{10}}^{-6}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{m}$

(b) $3\text{.}\text{20}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{12}}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{m}$

Integrated Concepts

A laser with a power output of 2.00 mW at a wavelength of 400 nm is projected onto calcium metal. (a) How many electrons per second are ejected? (b) What power is carried away by the electrons, given that the binding energy is 2.71 eV? (c) Calculate the current of ejected electrons. (d) If the photoelectric material is electrically insulated and acts like a 2.00-pF capacitor, how long will current flow before the capacitor voltage stops it?

Integrated Concepts

One problem with x rays is that they are not sensed. Calculate the temperature increase of a researcher exposed in a few seconds to a nearly fatal accidental dose of x rays under the following conditions. The energy of the x-ray photons is 200 keV, and $4\text{.}\text{00}×{\text{10}}^{\text{13}}$ of them are absorbed per kilogram of tissue, the specific heat of which is $0\text{.}\text{830 kcal/kg}\cdot \text{ºC}$ . (Note that medical diagnostic x-ray machines cannot produce an intensity this great.)

$3\text{.}\text{69}×{\text{10}}^{-4}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ºC}$

Integrated Concepts

A 1.00-fm photon has a wavelength short enough to detect some information about nuclei. (a) What is the photon momentum? (b) What is its energy in joules and MeV? (c) What is the (relativistic) velocity of an electron with the same momentum? (d) Calculate the electron’s kinetic energy.

Integrated Concepts

The momentum of light is exactly reversed when reflected straight back from a mirror, assuming negligible recoil of the mirror. Thus the change in momentum is twice the photon momentum. Suppose light of intensity $1\text{.}{\text{00 kW/m}}^{2}$ reflects from a mirror of area $2\text{.}{\text{00 m}}^{2}$ . (a) Calculate the energy reflected in 1.00 s. (b) What is the momentum imparted to the mirror? (c) Using the most general form of Newton’s second law, what is the force on the mirror? (d) Does the assumption of no mirror recoil seem reasonable?

(a) 2.00 kJ

(b) $1\text{.}\text{33}×{\text{10}}^{-5}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{kg}\cdot \text{m/s}$

(c) $1\text{.}\text{33}×{\text{10}}^{-5}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}\text{N}$

(d) yes

Integrated Concepts

Sunlight above the Earth’s atmosphere has an intensity of $1\text{.}\text{30}\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}{\text{kW/m}}^{2}$ . If this is reflected straight back from a mirror that has only a small recoil, the light’s momentum is exactly reversed, giving the mirror twice the incident momentum. (a) Calculate the force per square meter of mirror. (b) Very low mass mirrors can be constructed in the near weightlessness of space, and attached to a spaceship to sail it. Once done, the average mass per square meter of the spaceship is 0.100 kg. Find the acceleration of the spaceship if all other forces are balanced. (c) How fast is it moving 24 hours later?

Why is the sky blue...?
It's filtered light from the 2 forms of radiation emitted from the sun. It's mainly filtered UV rays. There's a theory titled Scatter Theory that covers this topic
Mike
A heating coil of resistance 30π is connected to a 240v supply for 5min to boil a quantity of water in a vessel of heat capacity 200jk. If the initial temperature of water is 20°c and it specific heat capacity is 4200jkgk calculate the mass of water in a vessel
A thin equi convex lens is placed on a horizontal plane mirror and a pin held 20 cm vertically above the lens concise in position with its own image the space between the undersurface of d lens and the mirror is filled with water (refractive index =1•33)and then to concise with d image d pin has to
Be raised until its distance from d lens is 27cm find d radius of curvature
Azummiri
what happens when a nuclear bomb and atom bomb bomb explode add the same time near each other
A monkey throws a coconut straight upwards from a coconut tree with a velocity of 10 ms-1. The coconut tree is 30 m high. Calculate the maximum height of the coconut from the top of the coconut tree? Can someone answer my question
v2 =u2 - 2gh 02 =10x10 - 2x9.8xh h = 100 ÷ 19.6 answer = 30 - h.
Ramonyai
why is the north side is always referring to n side of magnetic
who is a nurse
A nurse is a person who takes care of the sick
Bukola
a nurse is also like an assistant to the doctor
explain me wheatstone bridge
good app
samuel
Wheatstone bridge is an instrument used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component.
MUHD
Rockwell Software is Rockwell Automation’s "Retro Encabulator". Now, basically the only new principle involved is that instead of power being generated by the relative motion of conductors and fluxes, it’s produced by the modial interaction of magneto-reluctance and capacitive diractance. The origin
Chip
what refractive index
write a comprehensive note on primary colours
relationship between refractive index, angle of minimum deviation and angle of prism
Harrison
Who knows the formula for binding energy,and what each variable or notation stands for?
1. A black thermocouple measures the temperature in the chamber with black walls.if the air around the thermocouple is 200 C,the walls are at 1000 C,and the heat transfer constant is 15.compute the temperature gradient
what is the relationship between G and g
G is the u. constant, as g stands for grav, accelerate at a discreet point
Mark
Olaiya
pls explain in details
Olaiya
G is a universal constant
Mark
g stands for the gravitational acceleration point. hope this helps you.
Mark
balloon TD is at a gravitational acceleration at a specific point
Mark
I'm sorry this doesn't take dictation very well.
Mark
Can anyone explain the Hooke's law of elasticity?
extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied so long as the force applied does not exceed the springs capacity according to my textbook
Amber
does this help?
Amber
Yes, thanks
Olaiya
so any solid can be compressed how compressed is dependent upon how much force is applied F=deltaL
Amber
sorry, the equation is F=KdeltaL delta is the triangle symbol and L is length so the change in length is proportional to amount of Force applied I believe that is what Hookes law means. anyone catch any mistakes here please correct me :)
Amber
I think it is used only for solids and not liquids, isn't it?
Olaiya
basically as long as you dont exceed the elastic limit the object should return to it original form but if you exceed this limit the object will not return to original shape as it will break
Amber
Thanks for the explanation
Olaiya
yh, liquids don't apply here, that should be viscosity
Chiamaka
hope it helps 😅
Amber
also, an object doesnt have to break necessarily, but it will have a new form :)
Amber
Yes
Olaiya
yeah, I think it is for solids but maybe there is a variation for liquids? that I am not sure of
Amber
ok
Olaiya
good luck!
Amber
Same
Olaiya
aplease i need a help on spcific latent heat of vibrations
Bilgate
specific latent heat of vaporisation
Bilgate
how many kilometers makes a mile
Faizyab
Aakash
equal to 1.609344 kilometers.
MUHD