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1 x 3 y 2 z 1 . This fraction can be written without negative exponents by moving all the f a c t o r s from the denominator to the numerator . Change the sign of each exponent: 3 to + 3 , 2 to + 2 , 1 to + 1. 1 x 3 y 2 z 1 = x 3 y 2 z 1 = x 3 y 2 z

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Practice set b

Write each of the following so that only positive exponents appear.

x 3 y 4 z 8

x 3 y 4 z 8

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6 m 3 n 2 7 k 1

6 k 7 m 3 n 2

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1 a 2 b 6 c 8

a 2 b 6 c 8

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3 a ( a 5 b ) 2 5 b ( a 4 b ) 5

3 a 5 b ( a 5 b ) 2 ( a 4 b ) 5

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Sample set c

Rewrite 24 a 7 b 9 2 3 a 4 b 6 in a simpler form.

Notice that we are dividing powers with the same base. We’ll proceed by using the rules of exponents.

24 a 7 b 9 2 3 a 4 b 6 = 24 a 7 b 9 8 a 4 b 6 = 3 a 7 4 b 9 ( 6 ) = 3 a 3 b 9 + 6 = 3 a 3 b 15

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Write 9 a 5 b 3 5 x 3 y 2 so that no denominator appears.

We can eliminate the denominator by moving all factors that make up the denominator to the numerator.

9 a 5 b 3 5 1 x 3 y 2

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Find the value of 1 10 2 + 3 4 3 .

We can evaluate this expression by eliminating the negative exponents.

1 10 2 + 3 4 3 = 1 10 2 + 3 4 3 = 1 100 + 3 64 = 100 + 192 = 292

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Practice set c

Rewrite 36 x 8 b 3 3 2 x 2 b 5 in a simpler form.

4 x 10 b 8

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Write 2 4 m 3 n 7 4 1 x 5 in a simpler form and one in which no denominator appears.

64 m 3 n 7 x 5

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Find the value of 2 5 2 + 6 2 2 3 3 2 .

52

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Exercises

Write the following expressions using only positive exponents. Assume all variables are nonzero.

( x 5 ) 3

1 ( x 5 ) 3

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( a + 9 ) 10

1 ( a + 9 ) 10

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( a 1 ) 12

1 ( a 1 ) 12

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x 3 y 2 z 6

x 3 y 2 z 6

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a 7 b 9 z w 3

a 7 z w 3 b 9

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x 5 y 5 z 2

x 5 y 5 z 2

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x 4 y 8 z 3 w 4

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a 4 b 6 c 1 d 4

d 4 a 4 b 6 c

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x 9 y 6 z 1 w 5 r 2

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7 a 2 b 2 c 2

7 b 2 c 2 a 2

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4 x 3 ( x + 1 ) 2 y 4 z 1

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7 a 2 ( a 4 ) 3 b 6 c 7

7 a 2 ( a 4 ) 3 b 6 c 7

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18 b 6 ( b 2 3 ) 5 c 4 d 5 e 1

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7 ( w + 2 ) 2 ( w + 1 ) 3

7 ( w + 1 ) 3 ( w + 2 ) 2

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2 ( a 8 ) 3 ( a 2 ) 5

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( x 2 + 3 ) 3 ( x 2 1 ) 4

( x 2 + 3 ) 3 ( x 2 1 ) 4

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( x 4 + 2 x 1 ) 6 ( x + 5 ) 4

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( 3 x 2 4 x 8 ) 9 ( 2 x + 11 ) 3

1 ( 3 x 2 4 x 8 ) 9 ( 2 x + 11 ) 3

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( 5 y 2 + 8 y 6 ) 2 ( 6 y 1 ) 7

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7 a ( a 2 4 ) 2 ( b 2 1 ) 2

7 a ( a 2 4 ) 2 ( b 2 1 ) 2

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( x 5 ) 4 3 b 2 c 4 ( x + 6 ) 8

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( y 3 + 1 ) 1 5 y 3 z 4 w 2 ( y 3 1 ) 2

5 y 3 ( y 3 + 1 ) z 4 w 2 ( y 3 1 ) 2

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3 y 3 ( 9 x )

27 x y 3

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4 a 2 b 2 a 5 b 2

4 a 3

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5 1 a 2 b 6 b 11 c 3 c 9

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2 3 x 2 2 3 x 2

1

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7 a 3 b 9 5 a b 6 c 2 c 4

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( x + 5 ) 2 ( x + 5 ) 6

1 ( x + 5 ) 4

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( a 4 ) 3 ( a 4 ) 10

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8 ( b + 2 ) 8 ( b + 2 ) 4 ( b + 2 ) 3

8 ( b + 2 ) 9

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3 a 5 b 7 ( a 2 + 4 ) 3 6 a 4 b ( a 2 + 4 ) 1 ( a 2 + 4 )

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4 a 3 b 5 ( 2 a 2 b 7 c 2 )

8 a 5 b 2 c 2

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2 x 2 y 4 z 4 ( 6 x 3 y 3 z )

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( 5 ) 2 ( 5 ) 1

5

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( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) 1

1

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3 c 5 a 3 b 3

3 b 3 c 5 a 3

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16 a 2 b 6 c 2 y z 5 w 4

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24 y 2 z 8 6 a 2 b 1 c 9 d 3

4 b c 9 y 2 a 2 d 3 z 8

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3 1 b 5 ( b + 7 ) 4 9 1 a 4 ( a + 7 ) 2

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36 a 6 b 5 c 8 3 2 a 3 b 7 c 9

4 a 3 b 2 c

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45 a 4 b 2 c 6 15 a 2 b 7 c 8

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3 3 x 4 y 3 z 3 2 x y 5 z 5

3 x 3 y 2 z 4

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21 x 2 y 2 z 5 w 4 7 x y z 12 w 14

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33 a 4 b 7 11 a 3 b 2

3 a 7 b 5

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51 x 5 y 3 3 x y

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2 6 x 5 y 2 a 7 b 5 2 1 x 4 y 2 b 6

128 a 7 b x

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( x + 3 ) 3 ( y 6 ) 4 ( x + 3 ) 5 ( y 6 ) 8

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23 a 4 b 5 c 2 x 6 y 5

23 a 4 b 5 x 6 c 2 y 5

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2 3 b 5 c 2 d 9 4 b 4 c x

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10 x 3 y 7 3 x 5 z 2

10 3 x 2 y 7 z 2

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3 x 2 y 2 ( x 5 ) 9 1 ( x + 5 ) 3

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14 a 2 b 2 c 12 ( a 2 + 21 ) 4 4 2 a 2 b 1 ( a + 6 ) 3

224 b 3 c 12 ( a 2 + 21 ) 4 ( a + 6 ) 3

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For the following problems, evaluate each numerical expression.

2 1 3 1 4 1

1 24

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10 2 + 3 ( 10 2 )

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2 1 + 4 1 2 2 + 4 2

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21 0 2 6 2 6 13

63

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For the following problems, write each expression so that only positive exponents appear.

( m 0 ) 1 , m 0

1

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( x 6 y 6 z 1 ) 2

x 12 y 12 z 2

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( a 5 b 1 c 0 ) 6

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( y 3 x 4 ) 5

x 20 y 15

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( 2 a b 3 ) 4

16 a 4 b 12

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( 5 1 a 3 b 6 x 2 y 9 ) 2

a 6 x 4 25 b 12 y 18

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( 4 m 3 n 6 2 m 5 n ) 3

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( r 5 s 4 m 8 n 7 ) 4

n 28 s 16 m 32 r 20

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( h 2 j 6 k 4 p ) 5

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Exercises for review

( [link] ) Simplify ( 4 x 5 y 3 z 0 ) 3

64 x 15 y 9

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( [link] ) Find the sum. 15 + 3 .

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( [link] ) Find the difference. 8 ( 12 ) .

20

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( [link] ) Simplify ( 3 ) ( 8 ) + 4 ( 5 ) .

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( [link] ) Find the value of m if m = 3 k 5 t k t + 6 when k = 4 and t = 2 .

1

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Questions & Answers

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A wave is described by the function D(x,t)=(1.6cm) sin[(1.2cm^-1(x+6.8cm/st] what are:a.Amplitude b. wavelength c. wave number d. frequency e. period f. velocity of speed.
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A body is projected upward at an angle 45° 18minutes with the horizontal with an initial speed of 40km per second. In hoe many seconds will the body reach the ground then how far from the point of projection will it strike. At what angle will the horizontal will strike
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Suppose hydrogen and oxygen are diffusing through air. A small amount of each is released simultaneously. How much time passes before the hydrogen is 1.00 s ahead of the oxygen? Such differences in arrival times are used as an analytical tool in gas chromatography.
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary algebra. OpenStax CNX. May 08, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10614/1.3
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