# 0.8 Metathesis: to exchange or not?  (Page 3/4)

 Page 3 / 4

In the second part of this experiment, you will study the effect of temperature on solubility. The effect that temperature has on solubility varies from salt to salt. We conclude that mixing solutions of KCl and ${\text{NaNO}}_{3}$ resulted in no reaction (see Equations 6 and 7). What would happen if we cooled such a mixture? The solution would eventually become saturated with respect to one of the salts, and crystals of that salt would begin to appear as its solubility was exceeded. Examination of Equation 6 reveals that crystals of any of the following salts could appear initially: ${\text{KNO}}_{3}$ , KCl, ${\text{NaNO}}_{3}$ , or NaCl.Consequently, if a solution containing ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ , ${K}^{+}$ , ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ , and ${\text{NO}}_{{3}^{-}}$ ions is evaporated at a given temperature, the solution becomes more and more concentrated and will eventually become saturated with respect to one of the four compounds. If a evaporation is continued, that compound will crystallize out, removing its' ions from solution. The other ions will remain in solution and increase in concentration. Before beginning this laboratory exercise you are to plot a graph of the solubilities of the four salts given in Table 3 on your report sheet.

## Part 1: metathesis reactions

CAUTION WEAR EYE PROTECTION

• The report sheet lists 16 pairs of chemicals that are to be mixed. Use about 1 mL of the reagents to be combined as indicated on the report sheet.
• Mix the solutions in small test tubes and record your observations on the report sheet. If there is no reaction, write N.R. (The reactions need not be carried out in the order listed. In order to reduce congestion at the reagent shelf, half the class will start in reverse order). Dispose of the contents of your test tubes in the designated receptacles.

## Part 2: solubility, temperature and crystallization

• Place 8.5 g of sodium nitrate and 7.5 g of potassium chloride in a 100-mL beaker and add 25 mL of water. Warm the mixture on an hotplate, stirring, until the solids completely dissolve.
• Assuming a volume of 25mL for the solution, calculate the molarity of the solution with respect to ${\text{NaNO}}_{3}$ , KCl, NaCl, and ${\text{KNO}}_{3}$ , and record these molarities on your report form.
• Cool the solution to about 10°C by placing the beaker in ice water in a 600-mL beaker and stir the solution carefully with a thermometer, being careful not to break it.
• When no more crystals form, at approximately 10°C, filter the cold solution quickly and allow the filtrate to drain thoroughly into an evaporating dish. Dry the crystals between two dry pieces of filter paper or paper towels.
• Examine the crystals with a magnifying glass (or fill a Florence flask with water and look at the crystals through it). Describe the shape of the crystals—that is, needles, cubes, plates, rhombs, and so forth on your report form.
• Based upon your solubility graph, which compound crystallized out of solution and write that in the appropriate place on your report form
• Evaporate the filtrate to about half of its volume using a Bunsen burner and ring stand. A second crop of crystals should form. Record the temperature and rapidly filter the hot solution, collecting the filtrate in a clean 100-mL beaker.
• Dry the second batch of crystals between two pieces of filter paper and examine their shape. Compare their shape with the first batch of crystals.
• Based upon your solubility graph, what is this substance?
• Finally, cool the filtrate to 10°C while stirring carefully with a thermometer to obtain a third crop of crystals. Carefully observe their shapes and compare them with those of the first and second batches.
• What compound is the third batch of crystals? Dispose of the chemicals in the designated receptacles.

What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how to know photocatalytic properties of tio2 nanoparticles...what to do now
it is a goid question and i want to know the answer as well
Maciej
Abigail
for teaching engĺish at school how nano technology help us
Anassong
Do somebody tell me a best nano engineering book for beginners?
there is no specific books for beginners but there is book called principle of nanotechnology
NANO
what is fullerene does it is used to make bukky balls
are you nano engineer ?
s.
fullerene is a bucky ball aka Carbon 60 molecule. It was name by the architect Fuller. He design the geodesic dome. it resembles a soccer ball.
Tarell
what is the actual application of fullerenes nowadays?
Damian
That is a great question Damian. best way to answer that question is to Google it. there are hundreds of applications for buck minister fullerenes, from medical to aerospace. you can also find plenty of research papers that will give you great detail on the potential applications of fullerenes.
Tarell
what is the Synthesis, properties,and applications of carbon nano chemistry
Mostly, they use nano carbon for electronics and for materials to be strengthened.
Virgil
is Bucky paper clear?
CYNTHIA
carbon nanotubes has various application in fuel cells membrane, current research on cancer drug,and in electronics MEMS and NEMS etc
NANO
so some one know about replacing silicon atom with phosphorous in semiconductors device?
Yeah, it is a pain to say the least. You basically have to heat the substarte up to around 1000 degrees celcius then pass phosphene gas over top of it, which is explosive and toxic by the way, under very low pressure.
Harper
Do you know which machine is used to that process?
s.
how to fabricate graphene ink ?
for screen printed electrodes ?
SUYASH
What is lattice structure?
of graphene you mean?
Ebrahim
or in general
Ebrahim
in general
s.
Graphene has a hexagonal structure
tahir
On having this app for quite a bit time, Haven't realised there's a chat room in it.
Cied
what is biological synthesis of nanoparticles
what's the easiest and fastest way to the synthesize AgNP?
China
Cied
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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