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Byvoorbeeld, die rasionale getal 5 6 kan in desimale notasie geskryf word as 0 , 8 3 ˙ en soortgelyk kan die desimale getal 0,25 soos volg as 'n rasionale getal geskryf word: 1 4 .

Notasie vir repeterende desimale

Jy kan 'n kol oor die herhalende desimale aanbring om aan te dui dat die desimaal repeterend is.

Omskakeling tussen terminerende desimale getalle en rasionale getalle

'n Desimale getal het 'n heeltallige deel en 'n breukdeel. Byvoorbeeld 10 , 589 het 'n heeltallige deel van 10 en 'n breukdeel van 0 , 589 omdat 10 + 0 , 589 = 10 , 589 . Die breukdeel kan geskryf word as 'n rasionale getal, m.a.w. met 'n teller en 'n noemer wat heelgetalle is.

Elke syfer na die desimale komma is 'n breuk met 'n noemer wat 'n vermeerderende mag van 10 is. Byvoorbeeld:

  • 1 10 is 0 , 1
  • 1 100 is 0 , 01

Dit beteken dat:

10 , 589 = 10 + 5 10 + 8 100 + 9 1000 = 10 589 1000 = 10589 1000

Breuke

  1. Skryf die volgende as breuke:
    (a) 0 , 1 (b) 0 , 12 (c) 0 , 58 (d) 0 , 2589

Omskakeling tussen repeterende desimale breuke en rasionale getalle

Wanneer die desimaal repeterend is, is daar 'n bietjie meer werk nodig om die breukdeel van die desimale getal as 'n breuk te skryf. Ons sal verduidelik aan die hand van 'n voorbeeld.

Indien ons 0 , 3 ˙ in die vorm a b wil skryf (waar a en b heelgetalle is), sal ons soos volg te werk gaan:

x = 0 , 33333 ... 10 x = 3 , 33333 ... vermenigvuldig met 10 aan beide kante 9 x = 3 (trek die tweede verg. van die eerste verg. af) x = 3 9 = 1 3

Nog 'n voorbeeld sou wees om 5 , 4 ˙ 3 ˙ 2 ˙ as 'n rasionale breuk te skryf.

x = 5 , 432432432 ... 1000 x = 5432 , 432432432 ... vermenigvuldig met 1 000 aan beide kante 999 x = 5427 (trek die tweede verg. van die eerste verg. af) x = 5427 999 = 201 37

In die eerste voorbeeld is die desimaal vermenigvuldig met 10 en in die tweede voorbeeld is dit vermenigvuldig met 1000. Dit is omdat daar in die eerste voorbeeld slegs een repeterende syfer (nl. 3) was, terwyl die tweede voorbeeld drie repeterende syfers (nl. 432) gehad het.

In die algemeen, as jy een repeterende syfer het, vermenigvuldig jy met 10. As jy twee repeterende syfers het, vermenigvuldig jy met 100. Met drie syfers vermenigvuldig jy met 1000. Kan jy al die patroon raaksien?

Die aantal nulle is dieselfde as die aantal repeterende syfers.

Nie alle desimale getalle kan as rasionale getalle geskryf word nie. Hoekom nie? Irrasionale desimale getalle soos 2 = 1 , 4142135 . . . kan nie geskryf word met 'n heeltallige teller en noemer nie, omdat daar geen patroon van repeterende syfers is nie. Jy behoort egter, so ver moontlik, eerder rasionale getalle of breuke as desimale getalle te gebruik.

Repeterende desimale notasie

  1. Skryf die volgende in repeterende (herhalende) desimale notasie:
    1. 0 , 11111111 ...
    2. 0 , 1212121212 ...
    3. 0 , 123123123123 ...
    4. 0 , 11414541454145 ...
  2. Skryf die volgende in repeterende desimale notasie:
    1. 2 3
    2. 1 3 11
    3. 4 5 6
    4. 2 1 9
  3. Skryf die volgende in breukvorm:
    1. 0 , 633 3 ˙
    2. 5 , 3131 31 ¯
    3. 0 , 99999 9 ˙

Opsomming

  1. Reële getalle is óf rasionaal óf irrasionaal.
  2. 'n Rasionale getal is enige getal wat geskryf kan word as a b waar a en b heelgetalle is en b 0
  3. Die volgende is rasionale getalle:
    1. Breuke waarvan beide die teller en die noemer heeltallig is
    2. Heelgetalle
    3. Desimale getalle wat eindig
    4. Desimale getalle wat repeteer

Oefeninge

  1. Indien a 'n heelgetal is, b 'n heelgetal is en c irrasionaal is, watter van die volgende is rasionaal?
    1. 5 6
    2. a 3
    3. b 2
    4. 1 c
  2. Skryf elkeen van die volgende as 'n onegte breuk:
    1. 0 , 5
    2. 0 , 12
    3. 0 , 6
    4. 1 , 59
    5. 12 , 27 7 ˙
  3. Wys dat die desimaal 3 , 21 1 ˙ 8 ˙ 'n rasionale getal is.
  4. Druk 0 , 7 8 ˙ as 'n breuk a b uit waar a , b Z (wys alle stappe).

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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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