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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 6

Die pad na demokrasie in sa sedert 1910

Module 6

Swart verset in die 1960’s en 1970’s

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om bronne te gebruik oor groeiende verset in die 1970’s

[lu 1.2]

In 1959 het veral die jonger lede in die ANC weggebreek en die PAC (Pan African Congress) onder leiding van Robert Sobukwe gestig. Hul het geglo dat die ANC nie sterk genoeg optree nie. (Hul gewapende vleuel is Poqo genoem.)

Hierna sou swart verset al hoe groter en dringender word. Die tragedie by Sharpville is ‘n voorbeeld hiervan.

Sharpville

Die PAC het in 1960 landswye protes teen die paswette georganiseer. Op 21 Maart 1960 het ongeveer 10 000 swart mense by die polisiestasie in Sharpville, net buite Vereeniging, bymekaargekom om teen die paswette te betoog. Die polisie het bedreig gevoel en op hulle begin skiet en 68 betogers het gesterf en ongeveer 187 is gewond. Hierdie voorval het wêreldwye reaksie teen die SA regering veroorsaak. ‘n Nadoodse ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat die meeste van die betogers van agter geskiet is.

Massaprotes, optogte en stakings het gevolg en 'n noodtoestand is in SA afgekondig. Meer as 22 000 mense is aangehou of gearresteer. Binne twee weke is die ANC en PAC verbied en hul leiers moes as bannelinge uit SA vlug. Oliver Tambo het die ANC se bevrydingstryd uit hul hoofkwartier in Zambië voortgesit, omdat die meeste binnelandse leiers in hegtenis geneem is.

(a) Ondersoek meegaande skets in julle groep met behulp van die W-vrae.

Bespreek eers die vrae wat volg met jou maat.

  • Wie het in opstand gekom?
  • Waar het die mense betoog?
  • Wanneer het die opstande plaasgevind?

1.4 Waarom het die mense in opstand gekom?

1.5 Wat het gebeur?

  • Watter vrae kom nog in jou gedagtes op? Skryf dit neer en ruil vrae met mekaar uit.
  • Dink aan Suid-Afrika vandag. Dink jy dié mense se drome is bewaarheid?

Toe die Republiek van SA in 1961 tot stand gekom het, is swart mense weer eens uitgesluit van die regeringsproses. Die tyd van vreedsame protes was verby en gewapende verset teen die regering het gevolg. Algaande het die ANC in 'n massabeweging verander. Lede van die ANC wat nie uit die land gevlug het nie, moes in die geheim optree. Die ANC en SAKP (Suid-Afrikaanse Kommunistiese Party) het 'n geheime vleuel, Umkonto we Sizwe ("Spies van die Volk") - bekend as MK - gestig en met bomaanvalle en sabotasie teen die regering begin. Nelson Mandela was die eerste bevelvoerder van MK.

Grafiese voorstelling van ‘n foto oor die tragedie van Sharpville

Sewentien toonaangewende ANC-leiers is egter op 11 Julie 1963 by Rivonia in Gauteng deur die polisie in hegtenis geneem, terwyl hulle 'n rewolusie teen en oorname van die regering beplan het. Walter Sisulu en Nelson Mandela was deel van die agt wat aan sabotasie tydens die Rivoniaverhoor skuldig bevind is. Laasgenoemde is op 200 aanklagte van sabotasie skuldig bevind en tot lewenslange gevangenisstraf gevonnis.

Geweld, sabotasie en bomaanvalle het toegeneem ten spyte van die regering se streng optrede. In die VVO is daar op meer sanksies teen SA besluit.

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 08, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11008/1.1
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