# 0.6 Dimensionality reduction methods for molecular motion  (Page 9/13)

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Applying the PCA procedure as outlined before to a set of HIV-1 samples from simulation produces 1,782-dimensional principal components. Since the physical interpretation of the PCs is quite intuitive in this case, the PC coordinates can be split in groups of 3 to obtain the $\mathrm{\left(x,y,z\right)}$ components for each of the 594 atoms. These components are 3-dimensional vectors that point in the direction each atom would follow along the first PC. In figure 6 a), the per-atom components of the first PC have been superimposed in purple.

Figure 6 b) shows the effect of interpolating HIV-1 conformations along the first PC, or first mode of motion. Starting from an aligned conformation from the original data set, multiples of the first PC can be added to produce interpolated conformations. Note that the first mode of motion corresponds mostly to the "opening" and "closing" of the flaps, as can be inferred from the relative magnitued of the first PC components in the flap region. Thus, interpolating in the direction of the first PC produces an approximation of this motion, but using only one degree of freedom. This way, the complex dynamics of the system and the 1,782 apparent degrees of freedom have been approximated by just one, effectively reducing the dimensionality of the representation.

Figure 7 (solid line) shows the residual variance left unexplained by discarding the lower-ranked principal components. Residual variance plots always decrease, and in this case, the first PC accounts for approximately 40% of the total variance along the motion (the dashed line shows the percentage of total variance explained up to the given PC). Also, the first 10 PCs account for more than 70% of the total data variance. Given the dominance of only a few degrees of freedom it is possible to represent the flexibility of the protein in a drastically reduced search space.

## Non-linear methods

PCA falls in the category of what is called a linear method, since mathematically, the PCs are computed as a series of linear operations on the input coordinates. Linear methods such as PCA work well only when the collective atom motions are small (or linear), which is hardly the case for most interesting biological processes. Non-linear dimensionality reduction methods do exist, but are normally much more computationally expensive and have other disadvantages as well. However, non-linear methods are much more effective in describing complex processes using much fewer parameters.

are nano particles real
yeah
Joseph
Hello, if I study Physics teacher in bachelor, can I study Nanotechnology in master?
no can't
Lohitha
where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
nanopartical of organic/inorganic / physical chemistry , pdf / thesis / review
Ali
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
learn
da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
hey
Giriraj
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
has a lot of application modern world
Kamaluddeen
yes
narayan
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
ya I also want to know the raman spectra
Bhagvanji
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
nanocopper obvius
Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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