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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Plante: van bou tot genetika

Module 27

Plantorgane: wortels

Plante leef en groei onopsigtelik en dikwels is ons totaal onbewus van die wonders wat in hulle versteek is. Om die wonder van hulle werking te kan verstaan, moet ons hulle van naderby bekyk.

‘n Plant bestaan basies uit vier soorte organe: die wortel , stingel , blaar en blom.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om plante se organe te identifiseer

[lu 2.2]

Opdrag 1:

Voltooi die volgende oor die verskillende organe:

Plantorgaan Bogronds/Ondergronds Hooffunksie vir die plant
Wortel
Stingel
Blaar
Blom

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om vas te stel hoe 'n plantwortel se bou aangepas is

[lu 1.2; 2.4]

Plantwortels

Opdrag 1:

Gaan na die tuin of die skoolterrein en versamel een voorbeeld elk van vier klein soorte plantjies wat volop groei. Kies so ver moontlik onkruid. Sorg dat jy die hele plantjie met sy wortelstelsel uithaal. Spoel die grond af en plaas die plantjies op ‘n stuk skoon papier.

Is daar enige opmerklike verskil t.o.v. wortelstelsel?

As jy gelukkig is, sal jou plantjies twee verskillende soorte wortelstelsels hê. Maak 'n skets van die twee hoofsoorte wortelstelsels. Jou onderwyser sal jou lei.

Die TWEE tipes wortelstelsel staan bekend as die BYWORTELSTELSEL en PENWORTELSTELSEL .

Plante met ‘n penwortelstelsel het ‘n hoofwortel, wat diep groei. Die meeste plante wat ouer word as een jaar (meerjariges) het penwortelstelsels. Hierdie tipe wortelstelsel kan water diep in die grond bereik en die plant goed anker. Hoë bome en groot struike en bosse moet sulke wortelstelsels hê. Hulle behoort aan die groep TWEESAADLOBBIGES . Hulle het ontstaan uit saadjies wat twee saadlobbe het, soos die boontjiesaad. Daar is natuurlik ook baie tweesaadlobbige plante wat eenjarig is. Hulle het egter steeds penwortelstelsels.

Eensaadlobbiges, soos grassoorte en mielies, groei net vir een seisoen en het nie so ‘n diep wortelstelsel nodig nie. Hulle moet juis ‘n wye, vlak wortelstelsel hê om alle bietjies vog wat die grond bereik, te kan bekom. EENSAADLOBBIGE plante het ‘n bywortelstelsel en het ontwikkel uit sade met net een saadlob, soos ‘n mieliepit.

‘n Penwortelstelsel het een hoofwortel, nl. die penwortel, en die sywortels wat daaruit groei.

‘n Bywortelstelsel bestaan uit ewe groot wortels wat almal uit die onderpunt van die stingel groei en dit word bywortels genoem. Die wortels is onvertak.

Opdrag 2:

Voorsien jou sketse hierbo van die korrekte byskrifte.

1. Watter wortelstelseltipe sal jy by eenjarige petunias aantref?

2. Hoekom het hulle hierdie spesifieke wortelstelsel?

3. Watter wortelstelseltipe sal ‘n eikeboom hê?

4. Waarom sou hierdie wortelstelseltipe vir ‘n boom nodig wees?

5. Het bome bywortels? Verduidelik.

6. Kan sywortels uit bywortels groei? Verduidelik.

7. Noem die hooffunksies van wortels.

Assessering van Wortelstelsels

Kon jy tipes onderskei en kennis toepas?

[LU 1.2; LU 2.4]

Neem weer ‘n vars plant met wortels, spoel die grond af en kyk versigtig na die wortels. Kan jy die klein haaragtige groeisels op die wortelpunte sien? Hulle is veral duidelik wanneer jy jou eie boontjiesade laat ontkiem. Hierdie strukture noem ons wortelhare.

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
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