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just water usage? - I also wondered this but obtained the investigation elsewhere so don’ t know. I thought perhaps the plant does not put onthat much mass compared to the mass of the water so it becomes insignificant

Dicotyledonous stem

  • Leaves develop from the nodes.
  • The sections of stem between the nodes are called internodes.
  • An axillary bud is often found at the node. These forms lateral branches.
  • A terminal bud is found at the tip of the stem and allows the stem to increase in length.

Internal structure of the dicotyledonous stem

This diagram of a cross section shows the internal structure of a young dicot stem

  • A waterproof cuticle is found on the outside of the epidermis to prevent water loss.
  • The epidermis consists of a single layer of cells to protect the underlying tissue.
  • The cortex is made up of parenchyma cells that stores water and food.
  • The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring in the medulla and are surrounded by non-living sclerenchyma cells for strengthening and support.
  • Each vascular bundle contains the following:
    • Cambium (contains meristematic cells that divide to widen the stem)
    • Phloem (transports food from leaves to the roots)
    • Xylem (transports water from the roots to the stem)

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/ch p36/36020.html

This is a link to an online tutorial about phloem, xylem and pressure flow.

Movement of water up the stem

  • Water moves up the xylem from the roots to the leaves.
  • Adaptations of xylem for transporting water:
    • Long, elongated tubes joined end-to-end without any cross-walls, forming good conducting tubes.
    • The cell walls are thickened with lignin for support (annual or spiral thickening) so that they do not collapse due to the upward pull of water
    • Pitted vessels and tracheids allow for lateral movement of water into neighbouring xylem vessels.
    • Cells are dead, so there is no obstruction to water transport

Diagram of xylem

Three forces are responsible for the movement of water up the xylem – capillarity, root pressure and transpiration suction force.

  • Capillarity involves forces of cohesion (forces of attraction between water molecules) and adhesion (forces of attraction between water molecules and thesides of the xylem vessels). Because the xylem’s lumen (opening) is so tiny, water will move up by capillary. However, this force is weak and its rolein moving water up the stem is small.
  • Root pressure is a force that pushes water up the xylem. As water enters the root by osmosis, it pushes the water that is already in the xylem of the stemupwards.
  • Transpiration suction force is a very important force that pulls water up the xylem of the stem. As water evaporates from the stomata of the leaves duringtranspiration, it creates a sucking force that will pull the water up the xylem.

Investigation: plant tissue anatomy (root and stem)

Aim: To examine the structure of the root and stem

Apparatus

  • Scalpel or knife
  • Celery stalk (stem)
  • Carrot (root)
  • Glass slide
  • Iodine solution (Stain) or water
  • Cover slip
  • Dissecting needle or tweezers
  • Paper and pencil

Questions & Answers

Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
What is specific heat capacity
Destiny Reply
Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It is measured in Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
AI-Robot
specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin
ROKEEB
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula: life sciences grade 10. OpenStax CNX. Apr 11, 2012 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11410/1.3
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