# 9.3 Stoichiometry of gaseous substances, mixtures, and reactions  (Page 2/13)

 Page 2 / 13

## Empirical/molecular formula problems using the ideal gas law and density of a gas

Cyclopropane, a gas once used with oxygen as a general anesthetic, is composed of 85.7% carbon and 14.3% hydrogen by mass. Find the empirical formula. If 1.56 g of cyclopropane occupies a volume of 1.00 L at 0.984 atm and 50 °C, what is the molecular formula for cyclopropane?

## Solution

Strategy: First solve the empirical formula problem using methods discussed earlier. Assume 100 g and convert the percentage of each element into grams. Determine the number of moles of carbon and hydrogen in the 100-g sample of cyclopropane. Divide by the smallest number of moles to relate the number of moles of carbon to the number of moles of hydrogen. In the last step, realize that the smallest whole number ratio is the empirical formula:

$\text{85.7 g C}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{1 mol C}}{\text{12.01 g C}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\text{7.136 mol C}\phantom{\rule{2em}{0ex}}\frac{7.136}{7.136}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\text{1.00 mol C}$
$\text{14.3 g H}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{1 mol H}}{\text{1.01 g H}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\text{14.158 mol H}\phantom{\rule{2em}{0ex}}\frac{14.158}{7.136}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\text{1.98 mol H}$

Empirical formula is CH 2 [empirical mass (EM) of 14.03 g/empirical unit].

Next, use the density equation related to the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass:

$\text{d}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{Pℳ}}{\text{RT}}\phantom{\rule{2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{1.56 g}}{\text{1.00 L}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\text{0.984 atm}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{ℳ}}{\text{0.0821 L atm/mol K}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{323 K}$

ℳ = 42.0 g/mol, $\frac{\text{ℳ}}{\text{Eℳ}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{42.0}{14.03}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=2.99,$ so (3)(CH 2 ) = C 3 H 6 (molecular formula)

Acetylene, a fuel used welding torches, is comprised of 92.3% C and 7.7% H by mass. Find the empirical formula. If 1.10 g of acetylene occupies of volume of 1.00 L at 1.15 atm and 59.5 °C, what is the molecular formula for acetylene?

Empirical formula, CH; Molecular formula, C 2 H 2

## Molar mass of a gas

Another useful application of the ideal gas law involves the determination of molar mass. By definition, the molar mass of a substance is the ratio of its mass in grams, m , to its amount in moles, n :

$\text{ℳ}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\text{grams of substance}}{\text{moles of substance}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{m}{n}$

The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to isolate n :

$n=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{PV}{RT}$

and then combined with the molar mass equation to yield:

$\text{ℳ}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{mRT}{PV}$

This equation can be used to derive the molar mass of a gas from measurements of its pressure, volume, temperature, and mass.

## Determining the molar mass of a volatile liquid

The approximate molar mass of a volatile liquid can be determined by:

1. Heating a sample of the liquid in a flask with a tiny hole at the top, which converts the liquid into gas that may escape through the hole
2. Removing the flask from heat at the instant when the last bit of liquid becomes gas, at which time the flask will be filled with only gaseous sample at ambient pressure
3. Sealing the flask and permitting the gaseous sample to condense to liquid, and then weighing the flask to determine the sample’s mass (see [link] )

Using this procedure, a sample of chloroform gas weighing 0.494 g is collected in a flask with a volume of 129 cm 3 at 99.6 °C when the atmospheric pressure is 742.1 mm Hg. What is the approximate molar mass of chloroform?

## Solution

Since $\text{ℳ}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{m}{n}$ and $n=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{PV}{RT},$ substituting and rearranging gives $\text{ℳ}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{mRT}{PV},$

then

$\text{ℳ}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{mRT}{PV}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{\left(\text{0.494 g}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{0.08206 L·atm/mol K}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{372.8 K}}{\text{0.976 atm}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{0.129 L}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}=120\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{g/mol}.$

A sample of phosphorus that weighs 3.243 $×$ 10 −2 g exerts a pressure of 31.89 kPa in a 56.0-mL bulb at 550 °C. What are the molar mass and molecular formula of phosphorus vapor?

124 g/mol P 4

what is chemistry?
forms of biotechnology
What is a mole?
pls give me 3 type of transition metal
Copper, Scandium, Vanadium, Iron, Chromium, Cobalt
Jumaane-Kalif
ion zinc hydrogen
Abdul
that is not true
Jumaane-Kalif
stop posting foolishness
Jumaane-Kalif
how do I name compounds
depends on the compound. as you may know there's transition metal compounds and there's organic compounds and so on and so forth.
Jumaane-Kalif
what is electricity
electricity refers to the flow electrons
John
Hi. please can you tell me more on chemical equation
When 1 or 2 chemicals react, they rearrange their atomic composition forming new compounds. The total mass before and after is the same/ constant. Chemical equations of same reactants react in same ratios e.g. 1 Na ion reacts with 1 water molecule or a multipier like 1 mole of Na ions react with 1
Abdelkarim
Mole of water molecules. In that example we multipied by 6.02*10^23 or avogadro constant (L). Or 2 Na+ ions with two water molecules. The arrow means '' to form '' Some times conditions or reactants are written above the arrow like H+ or enzyme or temper, sometimes physical states are written
Abdelkarim
Beside the chemical Aqueous (aq) which means solute dissolved on water. Solid (s) etc Some chemical equations are written next to it ΔH= # which means enthalpy change which describes if the reaction is endothermic (+) or exothermic (-).
Abdelkarim
Some are reversible and have half double arrow sign.
Abdelkarim
what is the meaning of atoma
what is theory
what is chemical compound
Lorrita
A compound is the result of chemical bonding between 2 or more different elements.
Abdelkarim
Why is an atom electrically neutral?
Clara
the same number of electron , proton present in an atom.thats why it is electrically neutral
debibandita
difference between Amine and amide
what is the difference between alkanal and alkanone
difference between alkanol and alkanal
Michael
whaatt
Saturday
you are not well at all
Ibrahim
is organic compounds used for drying agent
Sulfuric acid is used as a drying agent.
Abdelkarim
what is an atom
An atom is the smallest part of an element, for instance gold atoms are the smallest part of gold that can enter a reaction. An atom must consist protons and electrons of equal number. You can think of those subatomic particles as spheres, but not orbiting randomly they move in specific way in
Abdelkarim
That was partially described mathematically. As a muslim, we believe that god created all matter from nothing. He is the Able, and only who can create matter in the begging in the big bang that was described in the Quran in chapter 17 verse 30, 1400 years ago, you can read it from internet.
Abdelkarim
what is electron affinity
John
do you have a private jet
Ibrahim
what is acid
Proton donor (H+). Like in lemons, oranges and some medicines.
Abdelkarim
what is titration? and how can i get my readings?
what is electrolysis?
what is the formula you use when calculating for gas law?
favor
PV=nrt
Farid
electro-means electricity while lysis-means splitting up so electrolysis simply means splitting up by means of electric current
John
good day. how may I see previous question asked in this chat, please?
Asha
Asha, A person named Favor asked what is meant by the term electrolysis
John