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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Materie: klassifikasie

Module 20

Metale en nie-metale

  • ‘n Metaal is tipies ‘n harde, blink en sterk element wat elektrisiteit en hitte kan gelei.
  • Yster is die algemeenste metaal in gebruik in ons leefwêreld, maar nie in sy suiwer vorm nie. As yster met ‘n klein bietjie nie-metaal soos koolstof gemeng word, kry ons ‘n allooi .
  • Die studie van metale noem ons metallurgie .
  • Goud is alom die metaal wat ‘n simbool is van welvaart, terwyl platinum en palladium besonder waardevol is vanweë die gebruik daarvan in elektronika en gespesialiseerde ingenieurswese.
  • Staal is alombekend en miljoene ton word jaarliks gebruik in die vervaardiging van items soos wasmasjiene, motors, skepe en treine. Vlekvrye staal, wat onder andere in eetgerei gebruik word, word verkry deur staal in ‘n allooi met harde en blink chroom te vermeng.
  • ‘n Verskeidenheid van stowwe kan by yster gevoeg word om verskillende allooie te vorm, bv. mangaan, fosfor, silikon en swawel.
  • Aluminium word weer baie gebruik in koeldrankblikkies, lere, vensterrame en voorwerpe wat lig moet wees en nie moet roes nie. Aluminium is die derde mees algemene chemiese element op aarde, aangesien dit in ‘n groot deel van die aarde se kors voorkom. Koper en magnesium word gewoonlik bygevoeg om dit vir industriële gebruik geskik te maak.
  • Metale , veral die goud en silwer in elektroniese stroombane (en in tande!) kan suksesvol hersirkuleer word om ons natuurlike hulpbronne te beskerm.
  • Brons is een van die oudste allooie – ‘n mengsel van koper en tin.
  • Geelkoper (“brass”) is weer ‘n allooi van koper en sink.

Klasaktiwiteit

Uitken van metale en nie-metale

  • Identifiseer soveel moontlik van die stowwe in die prent en klassifiseer dit as metale en nie-metale na aanleiding van die hoofelement in die stof.
METALE NIE-METALE
.............................................................. ................................................................

1. Watter eienskappe het jy gebruik om te besluit watter stowwe metale en watter nie-metale is?

2. Dink jy die sekretaresse is welgesteld? Hoekom?

3. Watter stof is besig om die rol van metaal in die industrie oor te neem? Waaruit bestaan die stof?

4. Wat is metallurgie?

5. Wat is staal?

6. Voltooi die volgende tabel:

METALE NIE-METALE
hard en blink .......................................................................
plooibaar en smeebaar
gelei hitte
gelei elektrisiteit

7. Wat is die verskil tussen plooibaar en smeebaar?

Assessering van uitkenning

Kon jy die indeling korrek doen en jou kennis toepas?

[LU 2.2; 2.4]

Assessering

LU 2

Wetenskaplike Kennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

KLASAKTIWITEIT: UITKEN VAN METALE EN NIE-METALE

Metale:

Nie-metale:

1. blink, hard

2. goud

3. aanvraag

4. studie van metale

5. allooi

6.

METALE NIE-METALE
hard en blink verkillende kleure; nie hard
plooibaar en smeebaar Bros, breek
gelei hitte Nee
gelei elektrisiteit Nee

7. plooibaar – lang drade uitgerek

smeebaar – dun plate uitgeklop

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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