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Interessante toepassings van termiese beginsels lei tot die volgende verskynsels om ons:

Opdrag 3:

Bespreek elkeen van die volgende:

Isolasie van huise teen hitte.

Sonstowe.

Hoekom ‘n skottelskaar so gou kos gaarmaak.

Maak jou eie sonskottel deur die karton in die vorm van ‘n skottelskaar uit te druk en dit met foelie te bedek.

Hou dit teen die regte hoek vir maksimum son, steek ‘n stokkie deur ‘n worsie en kyk of jy dit vir jouself kan opwarm deur net sonkrag te gebruik!

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke kan beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke kan uitvoer en data kan insamel;

1.3 data kan evalueer en bevindinge kan kommunikeer.

LU 2

Wetenskaplike KennisDie leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan oproep;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

LU 3

Wetenskap, Omgewing en die GemeenskapDie leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

3.1 wetenskap as ‘n menslike aktiwiteit kan verstaan;

3.2 volhoubare gebruik van die aarde se hulpbronne verstaan.

Memorandum

Opdrag 1:

HITTE EN TEMPERATUUR

Hitte is ‘n soort energie – alle atome / modules vibreer. Ons ervaar dit as “hitte”.

Temperatuur meet hoe vinnig die molekules beweeg

Hoe meet jy temperatuur?

‘n Termometer word gebruik. Dit bestaan uit ‘n glasbuis met ‘n vloeistof, bv. Kwik, daarin wat uitsit tydens verhitting.

Wat is absolute zero ?

Dit is die koudste moontlike temperatuur waarby molecules of atome glad nie meer kan beweeg nie. Dit gebeur by –273.15 ºC of by 0 op die Kelvin skaal. Dit is in ‘n Finse laboratorium gemeet.

Temperatuur kan op ‘n Celsius-skaal of Fahrenheit-skaal gemeet word.

Sommige toestelle meet in Fahrenheit, bv. oonde, terwyl ander weer Celsius gebruik.

Celsius skaal

Vriespunt is 0 ºC

Water kook by 100 ºC op seevlak.

Kelvinskaal:

Die Kelvinskaal het sy zero by absolute nulpunt.

0 K = -273ºC

Om Kelvin na Celsius om te skakel, tel jy 273 by.

Kokende water (100 ºC) is dus 373 K.

Hoe skakel jy Fahrenheit om na Celsius?

(F – 32) ÷ 9 x 5 = C

Celsius na Fahrenheit is weer:

F = C ÷ 5 x 9 + 32

HITTE -OORDRAG

Aktiwiteit

Opdrag 1:

  • KONVEKSIE: Beweging van hitte deur lug, bv. lugstrome (blaasverwarmer, warm winde).
  • GELEIDING: Verspreiding van hitte deur soliede voorwerpe, soos warm rots.
  • STRALING: Verspreiding van hitte deur hiite-gewende voorwerpe, bv son, verwarmer.

HITTE EN WATER

  • Water het ‘n uitsonderlike vermoë om hitte te behou.
  • Dit neem baie energie voordat ‘n massa water met 1 ºC styg of daal.
  • Daar is verkeie faktore betrokke:
  • Water is ‘n vloeistof
  • Water is deurskynend en ligstrale kan tot 20 m diep penetreer.
  • Watermassa het golwe en strome en vertikale beweging wat hitte kan versprei
  • Die hittehouvermoë van land en die oseane verskil baie.

WARMTEKAPASITEIT

Opdrag 2:

Ons weet reeds dat warmte ‘n verandering in temperatuur veroorsaak en dat die eenheid van hierdie warmte in Joule gemeet word, aangesien dit ‘n soort energie is.

Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit is die hoeveelheid warmte wat oorgedra (benodig/vrygestel) word as die temperatuur van ‘n stof met 1 ºC of 1 K verander.

Water is die duurste om te verhit, omdat groot hoeveelhede warmte vereis word om die temperatuur slegs ‘n paar grade te laat styg.

Aan die ander kant sal water ook groot hoeveelhede warmte lewer, indien dit afkoel.

Die uitwerking hiervan is die duidelikste op oseane, wat groot watermassas is.

Dit verhit baie stadig, maar hou dan lank die warmte.

Interessante toepassings van termiese beginsels lei tot die volgende verskynsels om ons (bespreek dit met die leerders):

  • Isolasie van huise teen hitte: huise verloor 25 % van hul hitte deur die dakke en 25 % deur die vloer.
  • Sonstowe: polistereen kookhouer uitgevoer met foelie is ‘n wonderlike alternatief in areas sonder elektrisiteit.
  • Hoekom ‘n skottelskaar kos so vinnig gaarmaak.

VIR DIE LEERDER:

Maak jou eie sonskottel deur die karton in die vorm van ‘n skottelskaar uit te druk en dit met foelie te bedek.

Hou dit teen die regte hoek vir maksimum son, steek ‘n stokkie deur ‘n worsie en kyk of jy dit vir jouself kan opwarm deur net sonkrag te gebruik!

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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