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Wiskunde

Graad 4

Heelgetalle en hul verwantskappe

Module 5

Maniere van tel in plaaslike tale en verskillende kulture

Aktiwiteit 1:

Beskrywing en illustrasie van verskeie maniere van tel in plaaslike tale en verskillende kulture dwarsdeur die geskiedenis [LU 1.2]

Nou gaan ons die wêreld van getalname en simbole ondersoek om te sien hoe ons getallestelsel ontwikkel het

1. GETALNAME

1.1 Julle het getalle gebruik om aan en terug te tel. Kyk of jy die name van verskillende getalle in party van ons plaaslike Suid-Afrikaanse tale kan onthou. Skryf die naam van ‘n taal wat gereeld in julle area gebruik word in die tabel hieronder neer. Gebruik daardie taal om die getalle van 1 – 10 te skryf.

Getalle Engels Afrikaans
1 One Een
2 Two Twee
3 Three Drie
4 Four Vier
5 Five Vyf
6 Six Ses
7 Seven Sewe
8 Eight Ag
9 Nine Nege
10 Ten Tien

1.2 GROEPWERK

Wanneer ons nog leer om te tel, sing-praat ons dikwels die getalle en beweeg ritmies op die maat van musiek. Maak 'n "rap"-lied wat van 11 tot 20 tel saam met 'n paar maats in enige Suid-Afrikaanse taal op. Wys dan vir julle klasmaats wat julle kan doen.

1.3 Skryf nou die getalname in nog ‘n taal wat in julle area gebruik word. Skryf die naam van hierdie taal in die tweede kolom.

Getalle Ander plaaslike taal Getalle Ander plaaslike taal
11 16
12 17
13 18
14 19
15 20

1.4 Skryf die name van die volgende getalle in die korrekte kolom neer.

Getal Ander plaaslike taal English Afrikaans
100
1 000
10 000

OPDRAG

Julle kan hierdie opdrag in julle eie tyd uitvoer, by die skool óf by die huis, soos jou opvoeder besluit.

GETALSIMBOLE: LEES EN NAVORSING

(Ons praat van Navorsing wanneer dit nodig is om inligting op te soek om vrae te kan beantwoord. Vra julle opvoeder om julle na die biblioteek te neem om die navorsing vir hierdie afdeling te doen, of gebruik die rekenaar om inligting deur die Internet in die hande te kry.)

LEES: Die volgende inligting het met telstelsels te doen. Toets jou vaardighede deur die vrae wat volg, te beantwoord.

2. Voorgeskiedenis: Mense in antieke tye

Duisende jare gelede, voor mense kon skryf, het hulle geen kennis van getalle of syfers gehad nie en moes maniere vind om aan te dui hoeveel diere of watter besittings hulle gehad het. Vir elke dier wat hulle besit het, het hulle ‘n klippie in ‘n sak gesit of hulle het kepies in ‘n houtstokkie gekerf.

  • Hoekom dink jy het mense getalle begin nodig kry?
  • Maak ‘n tekening van ‘n stok met kepies daarin gekerf om te wys dat die eienaar vyf skape het.

2.3 Watter ander metodes, behalwe die kerf van kepies op ‘n stok, het mense gebruik om aan te dui hoeveelheid diere hulle besit het?

Antieke beskawings

3. Die Babiloniërs

Baie jare later het mense tekens en simbole begin gebruik om getalle voor te stel. Die Babiloniërs wat in Mesopotamië gewoon het, het wigvormige kepies in hout gemaak of sulke merke in klam kleitablette ingedruk.

NAVORSING: By die biblioteek moet jy die bibliotekaris of bibliotekaresse vra om jou te help om boeke met prente en inligting oor die Babiloniërs en hulle wigvormige skrif te vind.

3.1 Kyk nou of jy ‘n kleitablet kan teken waarop die volgende getalle in die wigvormige skrif verskyn: 1; 5; 10; 100; 1 000. Onder elke Babiloniese getal moet jy die getal skryf soos ons dit gebruik. (Jy moet jou navorsing hiervoor gebruik.)

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11100/1.1
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