Recent climate change, which has occurred during the modern instrument era, is the focus of this module. It is through the lens of long-term climate change (occurring on thousands to millions of years) that we will view earth’s current climate and recent climate change. The goal is to investigate how the principles listed above are shaping current climate events
Learning objectives
After reading this module, students should be able to
assess long-term global temperature records and place recent climate change into the context of historical temperature observations
explain how changes in the Sun's energy output have impacted the last 1300 years of global temperature records
analyze the human impact on the planetary albedo and relate these changes to recent climate change
predict the response of the global average temperature when large volcanic eruptions occur
explain the enhanced greenhouse effect
discuss how recent observations of change measured within regional ecosystems are related to global climate change
In the past, Earth has been significantly warmer (and mostly ice free) and significantly colder (especially during the so-called “Snowball Earth” eras) than it is today.
Climate change occurs when there are changes in insolation, albedo, and composition of the atmosphere.
Climate is the average of weather, and changes to the earth’s climate occur on long time scales.
Recent climate change, which has occurred during the modern instrument era, is the focus of this module. It is through the lens of long-term climate change (occurring on thousands to millions of years) that we will view earth’s current climate and recent climate change. The goal is to investigate how the principles listed above are shaping current climate events.
Mechanisms
Temperature records
Figure
Northern Hemisphere Surface Air clearly shows that the current global average temperature reflects an interglacial warm period. If we focus in on the end of this record we can observe some of the fine scale changes in the global temperature records. Figure
Northern Hemisphere Surface Air combines proxy data (i.e., information from ice cores and tree rings) with the modern instrument record to create a graph showing the last 1300 years of Northern Hemisphere (hereafter, NH) temperatures. Each line on the top two panels represents a different temperature data set collected in the NH and the bottom panel color codes the percentage of overlap among these data sets.
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
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Source:
OpenStax, Sustainability: a comprehensive foundation. OpenStax CNX. Nov 11, 2013 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11325/1.43
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