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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 5

Lewe en lewenswyse

Module 1

Die voortbestaan van plante

Aktiwiteit:

Om ondersoek in te stel na die voortbestaan van plante

[lu 1.2, 2.1, 2.2]

Inleiding:

Plante is belangrik vir die voortbestaan van die mens. Sonder plante sal die planeet Aarde sonder lewe wees.

Plante gee suurstof af. Suurstof is ‘n noodsaaklike gas in die atmosfeer wat die mens en dier inasem .

Plante voorsien ons van voedsel .

Plante verskaf materiaal soos hout, kurk, katoen, rubber, ens. vir verskillende gebruike.

Sekere plante het helende stowwe soos kruie wat as medisyne gebruik kan word, bv. boegoe, aalwyn, ens.

Wat dink jy?

Net soos diere is plante ook lewendig. Die verskil is dat diere beweeg om hul voedsel te bekom, terwyl plante nie beweeg nie. Plante is op een plek vasgeanker en vervaardig hul eie voedsel. Hierdie proses vind in die blare plaas en word fotosintese genoem.

Hoe vervaardig plante hul eie voedsel?

Plante neem die gas koolstofdioksied uit die lug, absorbeer water uit die grond, vang die ligenergie van die son op in die blare (bladgroen) en verander die water en koolstofdioksied tot energieryke voedsel /kos.

Sodoende kan die plant groei en dien dit ook as voedsel vir diere.

Hierdie proses vind slegs in die dag plaas.

Interessante feite:

Daar is ongeveer 350 000 soorte plante, struike en bome.

Plante het verskillende vorms en kleure.

Die blare en blomme verskil ook in vorm en kleur.

Hierdie verskeidenheid is belangrik vir die oorlewing en voortplanting van plante, omdat hulle nie oormatig kompeteer nie: sommige hou bv. van vol son, ander hou van skaduwee.

Noem nog maniere waarop plante van mekaar verskil en dus nie kompeteer nie.

Dit is die natuur se manier om uitsterwing van ‘n spesie te voorkom.

Toets jou kennis: Beskryf kortliks hoe jy die energie bekom wat jy elke dag gebruik om skool toe te kom, sport te beoefen en te speel.

Opdrag 1: groepwerk

Soek inligting oor ‘n boom of ander plant wat as ‘n bedreigde spesie beskou word. Skryf jou notas neer en gee mondelinge terugvoer aan die klas oor die volgende:

waar dit voorkom;

waarom dit as bedreig beskou word;

op watter maniere daar te werk gegaan word om die spesie van totale uitsterwing te red.

Plaas jou notas in jou portefeulje

n Bedreigde spesie is ‘n plantsoort of diersoort waarvan daar min oor is en as dit nie spesiale beskerming kry nie, heeltemal uitgeroei sal word.

Assessering

LU 1

WETENSKAPLIKE ONDERSOEK Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer;

LU 2

KONSTRUKSIE VAN WETENSKAPKENNIS Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

2.1 betekenisvolle inligting onthou;

2.2 inligting kategoriseer;

2.3 inligting interpreteer.

Memorandum

plante:

Baie moontlikhede, bv. sommiges groei in water, ander in droë grond; sommiges rank; sommiges het diep wortels, ander het vlak wortels.

Leerlinge moet self navorsing doen om opdrag uit te voer, maar die volgende voorbeeld inligting sal die leerders wat sukkel om die nodige inligting te bekom, dalk help

Vleiroos: ‘n Proteasoort wat in die Weskaap voorkom. In 1968 was daar ± 10 plante oor en die plant het byna uitgesterf. Mense wat bewus is van die waarde van geberg ingeval van ‘n ramp. Dit word vandag nog beskerm veral teen veldbrande.

Welwitschia: Dit is eintlik ‘n dwergboom wat in die Namibwoestyn voorkom. Die mense dink die ouderdom van die Welwitschia wissel tussen 1 500 en 2 500 jaar oud. Dit het lang blare wat reg deur die leeftyd van die plant groei.

Die Bergbruidjie: Het amper uitgesterf - seker die mooiste SA proteasoort. In 1962 was daar slegs ‘n paar in Franschhoek-omgewing oor. ‘n Eienaardige gebeurtenis het dit toe gered. ‘n Veldbrand wat in daardie omgewing gewoed het, het die sade laat

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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 23, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10980/1.2
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