# 3.3 Important measuring units

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## Important measuring units

Activity 1

To be able to explain the most important measuring units and their mutual connection

 LO 2.4

We have already said that an electrical current is the flow of electrons in a circle. The speed at which the electrons flow, is measured in Ampère. In order to measure amperage, one must allow the current to flow through an Ammeter.

The battery supplies the energy that is also called the electromotive force (EMF ). It is measured in Volts . In order to measure voltage one must place the two points of a voltmeter on either side of a component.

Resistance is offered against the flow of the current and the resistance is measured in Ohms .

A battery does not provide its full energy because some of its energy is lost. This is called power and it is measured in Watts .

Ohm’s law states that the current through a resistor is directly proportional to the tension that is coupled over a resistor, i.e. the current is directly proportional to the tension and inversely proportional to the resistor. It is formulated as follows:

I = V / R

Actuation is the energy that must supply the battery and is wasted as heat in a resistor. It is formulated as follows:

P = V x I

• Summary of electrical units
 Symbol Unit Abbreviation TENSION V Volt V CURRENT I Ampère A RESISTANCE R Ohm Ώ POWER P Watt W

The formulas make it possible for one to determine units through mathematical computations, e.g. if one has the Volts and Ampère of a circuit, one can calculate the power. Nowadays we use advanced apparatus to measure current, tension and resistance.

• The multimeter is such a device. If your school owns one, you will have the opportunity to take readings with it.

Assignment 1

1. Provide two more formulas that can be derived from the formula I = V / R.

2. Provide two more formulas that can be derived from the formula P = V x I.

 LO 2.4

## Assessment

 Learning outcomes(LOs) LO 2 TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The learner will be able to understand and apply relevant technological knowledge ethically and responsibly. This is demonstrated when the learner: structures:2.1 demonstrate knowledge and understanding of frame structures: the use and application of basic structural components (columns, beams, arches, buttresses, struts, stays, guys, ties); reinforcing techniques for frame structures (triangulation, webs and fillets, orientation and cross-sectional area and members); how frame structures can be made strong (e.g. relationship between the size and the shape of the base, the centre of gravity and stability; systems and control:2.4 demonstrates knowledge and understanding of how electrical circuits with more than one input or control device will work based on different logic conditions (“AND” and “OR” logic), and represents them using circuit diagrams, systems diagrams and truth tables.

## Memorandum

• The following definitions are important:
• Electric current: Flow of electrons in a closed circuit
• Voltage: Electromotive force that enables the flow of electric current
• Resistance: Quality of materials offering resistance to the flow of electric current.
• Power: The energy that a battery has to provide and which is used in a resistor.

Ohm's law:

• This states that the current passing through a resistor is directly proportional to the potential difference, or voltage, across the resistor, i.e. the current is directly proportional to the linked voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

Assignment 1

1. V = I × R and R = V/I

2. V = P/I en I = P/V

3. R = V/I = $\frac{3}{1,5}$ = 2 ohm

4. P = V × I = 3V × 1,5A = 4,5 watt

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Source:  OpenStax, Technology grade 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 13, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11052/1.1
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