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Ecuador

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Research on human embryos (and therefore cloning) is prohibited as of June 1998.

Peru

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
  • Fertilization of a human ovum with intent other than procreation is prohibited, as well as human cloning (General Health Law, 1997).

Uruguay

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are not specifically prohibited, but reproductive cloning is.

Europe

Austria

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Reproductive medicine is acceptable only within stable heterosexual relationships for the purpose of reproduction. Embryos can be used only for implantation in the woman who has donated the oocytes , and for no other purposes. Donation of embryos or gametes is prohibited (Federal Law of 1992 Regulating Medically Assisted Procreation).

Belgium

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned as of May 2003.

Czech republic

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs.

Denmark

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning and the funding of such activities are as of 2003.

Estonia

  • Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are banned.

Finland

  • Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.
  • The act defines embryo as a fusion of gametes, so therapeutic cloning is permitted, but reproductive cloning is prohibited (Medical Research Act of 1999).

France

  • Embryonic stem cell research is allowed, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are banned.
  • Research on human embryonic stem cells is now allowed until embryos are 6-8 days old. Embryos cannot be created specifically for research -- scientists must use existing embryos from IVF. Embryonic stem cell lines are typically imported from abroad.

Georgia

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning are.
  • Human cloning through the use of genetic engineering is prohibited (1997 Law on Health Care).

Germany

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but all forms of cloning (reproductive and therapeutic) are banned.
  • It is Illegal to create any new stem cell lines after December 2001.

Greece

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.

Hungary

  • Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but reproductive and therapeutic cloning are.
  • The national law (1997) does not explicitly address or prohibit embryonic stem cell research or therapeutic cloning.

Iceland

  • Embryonic stem cell research is permitted using lines created from unused IVF eggs and for development or fertility research.
  • Reproductive and therapeutic cloning are prohibited (Act on Artificial Fertilisation, 1996).

Ireland

  • Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
  • Human cloning is prohibited because the "right to life of an unborn child is equal to that of the mother" as stated in the Constitution of Ireland.

Questions & Answers

what is mutation
Janga Reply
what is a cell
Sifune Reply
how is urine form
Sifune
what is antagonism?
mahase Reply
classification of plants, gymnosperm features.
Linsy Reply
what is the features of gymnosperm
Linsy
how many types of solid did we have
Samuel Reply
what is an ionic bond
Samuel
What is Atoms
Daprince Reply
what is fallopian tube
Merolyn
what is bladder
Merolyn
what's bulbourethral gland
Eduek Reply
urine is formed in the nephron of the renal medulla in the kidney. It starts from filtration, then selective reabsorption and finally secretion
onuoha Reply
State the evolution relation and relevance between endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton as it relates to cell.
Jeremiah
what is heart
Konadu Reply
how is urine formed in human
Konadu
how is urine formed in human
Rahma
what is the diference between a cavity and a canal
Pelagie Reply
what is the causative agent of malaria
Diamond
malaria is caused by an insect called mosquito.
Naomi
Malaria is cause by female anopheles mosquito
Isaac
Malaria is caused by plasmodium Female anopheles mosquitoe is d carrier
Olalekan
a canal is more needed in a root but a cavity is a bad effect
Commander
what are pathogens
Don Reply
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
Zainab
A virus
Commander
Definition of respiration
Muhsin Reply
respiration is the process in which we breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide
Achor
how are lungs work
Commander
where does digestion begins
Achiri Reply
in the mouth
EZEKIEL
what are the functions of follicle stimulating harmones?
Rashima Reply
stimulates the follicle to release the mature ovum into the oviduct
Davonte
what are the functions of Endocrine and pituitary gland
Chinaza
endocrine secrete hormone and regulate body process
Achor
while pituitary gland is an example of endocrine system and it's found in the Brain
Achor
what's biology?
Egbodo Reply
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized field that cover their morphology, physiology,anatomy, behaviour,origin and distribution.
Lisah
biology is the study of life.
Alfreda
Biology is the study of how living organisms live and survive in a specific environment
Sifune
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Source:  OpenStax, Stem cell research: a science and policy overview. OpenStax CNX. Aug 03, 2007 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10445/1.1
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