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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 8

Grond en mag

Module 4

Die industriële rewolusie

BRON A

In 1733 het mnr. John Kay van Brittanje die weefmasjien so verbeter dat die aanvraag na spindraad geweldig toegeneem het. Uit die sakewêreld is dit duidelik dat hoe groter die aanvraag na ‘n spesifieke produk (bv. spindraad) word, hoe ‘n beter prys kry die vervaardiger (bv. die spinner) vir sy produk.

James Hargreaves was ‘n houtwerker en spinner van Lancashire in Brittanje. In sy beknopte huisie waarin hy, sy vrou en sewe kinders hul tuisnywerheid bedryf het, het sy dogter Jenny die spinwiel omgestamp.

James het besef dat daar meer spoele op die as gemonteer kon word en meer drade gelyktydig gespin kon word. Hargreaves het sy nuwe uitvinding die Spinning Jenny genoem.

Een Spinning Jenny het met agt spoele, agt mense se werk gelyktydig gedoen. Spinners wat werkloosheid gevrees het, het by Hargreaves se huis ingebreek en die Spinning Jenny vernietig. Hargreaves het na Nottingham verhuis en ‘n fabriek begin met groter en beter spinmasjiene. Sy sukses met die Spinning Jenny het ander uitvinders aangemoedig om ook te eksperimenteer. Talle nuwe en verbeterde masjiene het so ontstaan.

Die volgende stap was die ontwikkeling van masjiene wat met waterkrag en stoomkrag kon werk.

Skryfoefening :

  • Voltooi die volgende sinne oor Bron A.

Die ontwikkeling van die Spinning Jenny is veroorsaak deur ‘n ongeluk, naamlik dat

/2/

Die gevolg van die ongeluk was dat Hargreaves die blink idee gekry het om

/2/

Die oorsaak/rede vir die ontwikkeling van die verbeterde spinwiel was ….

/2/

Die gevolg/resultaat van die verbeterde spinwiel was

/2/

/8/

LU 2 AS 2.2
BRON B

Die gebruik van masjiene het produksie vermeerder, sodat goeie paaie vir vinnige vervoer van die plaas (bv. vars groente of koring vir brood) of fabriek (bv. klere) tot by die mark, noodsaaklik geword het.

John Loudon McAdam word vandag nog gerespekteer as ‘n meesterpadbouer. Dit is aan hom te danke dat daar ‘n netwerk van uitstekende paaie in Skotland en Brittanje gebou is.

Aktiwiteit: chronologie

Al die feite wat hier volg oor McAdam is korrek, maar nie in volgorde nie. Lees dit deur en herrangskik die feite sodat dit logies op mekaar volg.

1. Op 27-jarige ouderdom het hy teruggekeer na Skotland.

2. Toe John 14 was, is sy pa oorlede en moes hy by sy oom in New York gaan bly.

3. McAdam is gebore in Skotland in 1756.

4. As kind het John graag paaie gemaak vir sy speelgoedkarre.

5. Selfs na sy dood is sy padboutegniek nog beskikbaar in die drie boeke wat hy oor hierdie onderwerp geskryf het.

6. In New York het McAdam later ‘n ryk handelaar geword.

7. Terug in Skotland het McAdam nou op sy eie landgoed in Ayrshire met padbouery begin eksperimenteer.

8. Nadat hy sy eie fondse uitgeput het, het John die regering gevra vir finansiële hulp om oral in Brittanje en Skotland ‘n netwerk van paaie te bou.

  • Skryf nou SLEGS die nommers hieronder neer, sodat die feite John se lewensloop in die korrekte volgorde gee.
LU 1 AS 1.3

Werkblad : tuisnywerhede

VOLTOOI die volgende werkblad deur ‘n volwassene tuis se hulp te kry.Vra die persoon om onderaan die werkblad te teken.

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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11043/1.1
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