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Wiskunde

Graad 9

Getalpatrone

Grafiese voorstellings

Vergelykings

Statistiek

Waarskynlikheidsleer

Module 19

Om betekenisvolle inligting uit data te kry

AKTIWITEIT 1

Om betenisvolle inligting uit data te verkry

[LU 5.5]

Soos jy weet, sien ons grafieke oral: in advertensies, handboeke, tydskrifartikels en in wiskundeklaskamers. Nou bekyk ons verdere grafieke om te sien wat ons kan sê van die statistieke wat hulle verteenwoordig.

As ons ’n enkele stel waardes het, soos die eetgewoontes van sommige leerders, gebruik ons ’n eenvoudige grafiek soos ’n sektordiagram.

  • Daar is egter dikwels ’n verband tussen twee stelle waardes. Dit word ’n relasie genoem.
  • Hier is ’n paar voorbeelde uit vorige afdelings: aantal gevangenes in sekere jare; hoogte bo seespieël van plekke naby ’n sekere punt; bedrag wat ’n tuinier vra vir ’n sekere tyd gewerk; y -waardes verkry van х - waardes volgens ’n gegewe formule; ensovoorts.

In hierdie gevalle is daar gewoonlik ’n horisontale as en ’n vertikale as. Ons kyk net weer na die belangrike woorde:

Vergelyking: х y
Vergelyking: Onafhanklike veranderlike Afhanklike veranderlike
Vloei diagram: Invoerwaarde Uitvoerwaarde
Tabel: Boonste ry Tweede ry
Koördinate: Eerste koördinaat Tweede koördinaat
Grafiek: х -as y -as
Grafiek: Horisontale as Vertikale as

1 James en Gabriel is ewe oud – hulle is vriende wat vir die eerste keer saam begin werk in Januarie 2000. Albei kan maklik per bus werk toe ry. Albei het ook genoeg geld, wat hulle met vakansiewerk verdien het, om die deposito op ’n nuwe motor te dek.

  • James wil ’n nuwe motor hê en nou dat hy ’n inkomste het, reël hy huurkoop­finan­siering daarvoor. Hy het genoeg geld vir die deposito en kan net-net die maande­likse paaiemente bekostig. Ná vier jaar vervang hy die motor met ’n nuwe een – ’n nuwer model. Hy koop dit weer op huurkoop en betaal die deposito uit die verkoop van die ou motor en betaal die paaiemente gereeld. Begin 2008 doen hy dit weer; elke vier jaar vervang hy sy motor met ’n nuwe.
  • Gabriel doen dit anders. In plaas daarvan om onmiddellik ’n nuwe motor te koop, sit hy die geld wat hy vir die deposito sou gebruik het in ’n spaarrekening en spaar genoeg ekstra per maand sodat hy kontant kan betaal vir ’n nuwe motor na vier jaar. In 2004 koop hy net so ’n motor soos sy vriend James. Onmiddellik begin hy weer spaar met maandelikse bedrae net groot genoeg vir dieselfde motor wat James in 2008 wil koop. In 2008 verkoop hy sy ou motor toe hy die nuwe een kry en hy belê die geld weer om te begin spaar vir die volgende motor. Hy vervang dus ook elke vier jaar sy motor met ’n nuwe.
  • Die twee bestuur dus vanaf 2004 presies dieselfde motors!

Die grafiek en tabel gee die besonderhede van hul uitgawes.

Jaar 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
James 28 304 21 228 21 228 21 228 33 965 25 474 25 474 25 474 40 758 30 568 30 568 30 568 48 909 36 682
Gabriel 22 436 15 360 15 360 15 360 21 000 21 000 21 000 21 000 32 317 22 128 22 128 22 128 38 807 26 580

1.1 Die horisontale as van die grafiek gee die jare aan. Die stawe toon die geld wat James elke jaar aan paaiemente bestee en wat Gabriel elke jaar spaar. Die ligte staaf is telkens hoër as die donker staaf in dieselfde jaar. Is die ligte staaf vir James of Gabriel?

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11055/1.1
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